Retinal Damage in Multiple Sclerosis Disease Subtypes Measured by High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography

Table 2

OCT results for the subtypes of MS patients without a history of optic neuritis (NON). Total retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness (in 𝜇m) and total macular volume (TMV in mm³) are given as mean values with standard deviation (SD). Generalized estimation equation (GEE) models were used to compare the MS cohorts to healthy controls. GEE models estimate the effect size with standard error (SE) and the respective 𝑃 value.

			GEE models comparing MS OCT parameters to the healthy control cohort
				RNFL thickness			TMV
	Total RNFL thickness mean (SD) [𝜇m]	TMV mean (SD) [mm^3]	Effect	Effect size	SE	𝑃 value	Effect size	SE	𝑃 value
			Group	−9.571	1.177	<0.001	−0.235	0.043	<0.001
MS-NON; (𝑛=571)	90.15; (12.27)	8.48; (0.43)	Age	−0.132	0.053	0.013	−0.006	0.002	0.002
			Gender	2.272	1.116	0.042	−0.075	0.041	0.064
			Group	−8.470	1.188	<0.001	−0.197	0.044	<0.001
RRMS-NON; (𝑛=405)	92.03; (11.91)	8.54; (0.42)	Age	−0.080	0.061	0.189	−0.003	0.002	0.094
			Gender	2.933	1.224	0.017	−0.107	0.045	0.019
			Group	−9.951	1.084	<0.001	−0.248	0.039	<0.001
SPMS-NON; (𝑛=89)	83.14; (12.07)	8.32; (0.41)	Age	0.139	0.098	0.158	0.003	0.003	0.267
			Gender	−1.807	1.788	0.312	−0.150	0.062	0.015
			Group	−4.253	0.792	<0.001	−0.141	0.027	<0.001
PPMS-NON; (𝑛=77)	88.35; (11.31)	8.34; (0.42)	Age	0.037	0.093	0.691	−0.001	0.003	0.654
			Gender	0.802	1.796	0.655	−0.044	0.064	0.492
			Group	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
HC; (𝑛=183)	100.60; (9.41)	8.75; (0.34)	Age	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
			Gender	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A