Research Article
Fatigue, Tiredness, Lack of Energy, and Sleepiness in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Referred for Clinical Polysomnography
Table 1
Baseline characteristics, polysomnographic findings, and results of univariate analyses for MS patients compared to matched controls. *
value <0.05.
| | | MS () | Controls () | value |
| | Age (years, mean ± SD) | 46.7 (11.3) | 45.9 (10.7) | 0.762 | | Gender (female %) | 70% | 70% | 1.0 | | Body mass index (kg/m2, mean ± SD) | 32.2 (4.5) | 32.3 (4.9) | 0.999 | | Apnea-hypopnea index | 14.5 (12.1) | 9.6 (8.6) | 0.078 | | Obstructive sleep apnea (%) | 80% | 63.3% | 0.152 | Percentage of time spent in stage 1 sleep
(mean 3%, ± SD) | 18.8 (13.5) | 13.7 (7.0) | 0.074 | Percentage of time spent in stage 2 sleep
(mean 3%, ± SD) | 56.0 (13.2) | 62.3 (12.2) | 0.059 | Percentage of time spent in slow wave sleep
(mean 3%, ± SD) | 10.8 (9.2) | 7.3 (7.3) | 0.106 | Percentage of time spent in REM sleep
(mean REM%, ± SD) | 14.4 (8.1) | 16.7 (7.5) | 0.251 | | Sleep efficiency (mean ± SD) | 80.5 (12.0) | 79.2 (13.6) | 0.697 | Arousal index
(number of arousals per hour of sleep, mean ± SD) | 18.7 (12.6) | 17.2 (12.0) | 0.689 | | Number sleep stage shifts (mean ± SD) | 168.0 (68.2) | 133.8 (31.9) | 0.017* | | Sleep latency, in minutes (mean ± SD) | 24.8 (25.7) | 21.9 (22.7) | 0.641 | Periodic leg movement index
(mean ± SD) | 16.0 (28.7) | 6.9 (13.0) | 0.122 | MS disease duration
(years, mean ± SD) | 12.0 (10.8) | N/A | N/A | | Disease-modifying therapy (%) | 66.7% | Expanded disability status scale
(% ≥6.0) | 30.0% | | Relapsing-remitting MS (%) | 70.0% | | Progressive MS (%) | 30.0% |
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