The Frequency of Anti-Aquaporin-4 Ig G Antibody in Neuromyelitis Optica and Its Spectrum Disorders at a Single Tertiary Referral Center in Malaysia

Table 4

Showing the differences between Anti-AQP4 seropositive and seronegative cohorts.

	Anti-AQP4 positive					Anti-AQP4 negative					value, <0.05 is significant
Diagnosis	NMO	RTM	RON/MON	MTM	NMOSD—Brain	NMO	RTM	RON/MON	MTM	NMOSD—Brain	AQP4 +ve/ value	AQP4 −ve/ value
					inv at onset					inv at onset.
Gender
Female	37	10	3/0	1	9	7	3	3/2	0	9	0.02	0.384
Male	1	1	0/0	0	3	3	0	1/1	0	0
Race
Malays	19	1	2/0	0	5	7	1	3/2	0	5	0.121	0.935
Chinese	17	7	1/0	1	7	1	2	1/1	0	3
Indians	2	3	0/0	0	0	1	0	0/0	0	0
Bajaus	0	0	0/0	0	0	0	0	0/0	0	1
Ibans	0	0	0/0	0	0	1	0	0/0	0	0
Blindness
Yes	26	0	1/0	0	2	5	0	0/2	0	1	0.003	0.044
No (one/both eyes)	12	11	2/0	1	10	5	3	2/0	0	8
PTS
Yes	27	10	0/0	1	5	5	2	0/0	0	2	0.004	0.387
No	8	0	3/0	0	5	3	1	2/0	0	3
Cord atrophy
Yes	21	9	0/0	1	4	3	1	0/0	0	2	0.056	0.299
No	17	2	3/0	0	7	4	2	2/0	0	6
Type of cord lesion
Long Cont	21	6	0	1	9	3	2	0/0	0	2	<0.001	0.220
Long Cont & Int	4	0	0	0	1	3	0	0/0	0	0
Long Linear	9	3	0	0	0	0	0	0/0	0	0
Long Linear & Int	1	0	0	0	0	1	0	0/0	0	0
Long Conti & Linear	1	1	0	0	0	1	0	0/0	0	1
SS	2	1	0	0	2	2	1	0/0	0	2
Site of axial cord lesion
Holocord	19	4	0	1	6	4	2	0/0	0	4	<0.0001	0.059
Central Gray matter	19	7	0	0	5	5	2	0/0	2	4
Periphery of cord	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0/0	0	0
Partial diameter of cord	0	0	0	0	1	0	0	0/0	1	1
Site of cord lesion
Cervical	11	3	1/0	0	7	4	1	0/0	0	3	<0.0001	0.116
Thoracic	5	2	0/0	0	1	1	1	0/0	0	0
Cervico-thoracic	22	6	0/0	0	3	4	1	0/0	0	2
Thoracolumbar	0	0	0/0	0	1	0	0	0/0	0	0
Whole spine	0	0	0/0	1	0	0	0	0/0	0	0

Abbreviations: NMO: Neuromyelitis optica; NMOSD: neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; RON: Relapsing optic neuritis; RTM: Relapsing transverse myelitis, MON: Monophasic optic neuritis; MTM: Monophasic transverse myelitis; Anti-AQP4 antibody: Anti Aquaporin 4 antibody, PTS: paroxysmal tonic spasms; Long Cont: Longitudinally contiguous; Long Linear: Longitudinally Linear; Long Cont & Int: Longitudinally contiguous and interrupted; Long Linear & Int: Longitudinally linear and interrupted; Long Cont & Linear: Longitudinally contiguos and linear, SS: short segment.
Patients with no lesions were not included in the table.
^*Multiple short segment lesions were left out of the table—only one patient in the seropositive group.
For parameters PTS, cord atrophy, type of cord lesion, site of axial cord lesion and site of cord lesion, only available data was included. Patients with no cord lesions and those with monofocal, monophasic demyelinating diseases with onset in the brain but atypical for MS or NMO and were seronegative were excluded and thus the total number of patients will not be 96.