Short-Term and Long-Term Effects of an Exercise-Based Patient Education Programme in People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study

Table 5

Quasi-experimental design outcomes in walking ability, QoL, fatigue, and self-efficacy for EG-all in baseline (T0/T0′) and one year after baseline (T3).

Variable	EG-all ()
	T0/T0′; mean ± SD; median (IQR)	T3; mean ± SD; median (IQR)	Percentage change; T0-T1	-score	Effect size
TUG (s)	7.6 ± 1.4; 7.7 (6.3–8.7)	6.8 ± 1.5; 6.7 (5.6–7.3)
6MWT (m)	494.8 ± 129.2; 461.2 (390.8–569.8)	513.8 ± 115.9; 500.2 (468.4–580.8)
FGA (score)	22.0 ± 6.7; 23.0 (15.7–27.5)	23.8 ± 4.3; 24.5 (23.0–26.8)
MusiQol (score)	64.4 ± 15.4; 67.7 (51.9–79.4)	69.0 ± 14.2; 67.9 (56.2–82.9)
WEIMuS (score)	19.8 ± 10.5; 21.5 (14.0–27.8)	14.6 ± 7.0; 14.5 (9.0–20.8)
Mental fatigue (score)	6.6 ± 3.2; 7.0 (5.25–9.0)	4.9 ± 3.0; 4.0 (0.8–7.0)
Physical fatigue (score)	13.1 ± 9.1; 13.5 (5.5–22.0)	10.4 ± 6.6; 7.5 (5.0–18.0)
SSA (score)	4.9 ± 1.4; 5.1 (5.3–9.0)	4.3 ± 0.8; 4.6 (3.7–5.0)

Note. Positive percentage values indicate improvements and negative percentage values indicate declines; -scores were taken from results of Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. Effect size r was computed using formula /square root of ; denotes statistical significance () for exact value of Wilcoxon Signed Rank test (two-tailed); EG-all: all participants receiving ePEP (EG-I + EG-W); T0/T0′: baseline measurements; T3: measurements one year after baseline; SD: standard deviation; IQR: interquartile range (25th–75th); TUG: Timed-Up-and-Go-Test; 6MWT: Six-Minute-Walk-Test; FGA: Functional Gait Assessment; MusiQol: Multiple Sclerosis International Questionnaire of Quality of Life; WEIMuS: German MS-specific fatigue questionnaire—lower values indicate fatigue improvement; SSA: scale for self-efficacy towards physical exercise.