The Effect of Cannabis on the Clinical and Cytokine Profiles in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis

Table 3

Analysis of serum cytokines in the study groups.

	MS cases ()	MS/cannabis ()	Control ()	value
IL-1 (pg/ml)				<0.001^a	<0.001^c
					<0.001^d
					0.001^e
IL-2 (pg/ml)				<0.001^a	<0.001^c
					<0.001^d
					<0.001^e
IL-4 (pg/ml)				0.021^a	0.128^c
					0.005^d
					0.075^e
IL-6 (pg/ml)				<0.001^a	<0.001^c
					<0.001^d
					<0.001^e
IL-10 (pg/ml)				<0.001^a	<0.001^c
					<0.001^d
					<0.001^e
IL-12 (pg/ml)				<0.001^a	<0.001^c
					<0.001^d
					<0.001^e
IL-17 (pg/ml)				<0.001^a	<0.001^c
					<0.001^d
					<0.001^e
IL-22 (pg/ml)				<0.001^a	<0.001^c
					<0.001^d
					<0.001^e
TNF (pg/ml)				<0.001^a	<0.001^c
					<0.001^d
					<0.001^e
IFN-β1 (pg/ml)				0.094^a	0.238^c
					0.054^d
					0.126^e
IFN-γ (pg/ml)				0.005^a	0.048^c
					<0.001^d
					0.001^e

IL: interleukin; IFN: interferon; TNF: tumor necrosis factor. ^aOne-way ANOVA test/Kruskal-Wallis test. ^cComparison between MS cases and MS cases (chronic cannabis users). ^dComparison between MS cases and controls. ^eComparison between MS cases (chronic cannabis users) and controls.