Diagram showing local estrogen production via the enzymatic conversion of androgens to estrogen by aromatase and estrogen receptor signalling in breast cancer. Estrogen (E), estrogen receptor alpha (ER), estrogen response element (ERE) and heat-shock proteins (HSP). The targets of commonly used endocrine therapies in the pathway are shown: aromatase inhibitors (AI), tamoxifen (T) and fulvestrant (F).
