Neural Plasticity

Copyright © 2007 Gabor Legradi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Linked References

1. A. Arimura and S. Shioda, “Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptors: neuroendocrine and endocrine interaction,” Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 53–88, 1995. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
2. J. E. Morley, M. Horowitz, P. M. K. Morley, and J. F. Flood, “Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) reduces food intake in mice,” Peptides, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1133–1135, 1992. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
3. W. T. Chance, H. Thompson, I. Thomas, and J. E. Fischer, “Anorectic and neurochemical effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide in rats,” Peptides, vol. 16, no. 8, pp. 1511–1516, 1995. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
4. T. Murase, K. Kondo, K. Otake, and Y. Oiso, “Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide stimulates arginine vasopressin release in conscious rats,” Neuroendocrinology, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 1092–1096, 1993. View at Google Scholar
5. M. Nomura, Y. Ueta, R. Serino, Y. Yamamoto, I. Shibuya, and H. Yamashita, “Effects of centrally administered pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide on c-fos gene expression and heteronuclear RNA for vasopressin in rat paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei,” Neuroendocrinology, vol. 69, no. 3, pp. 167–180, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
6. V. Grinevich, A. Fournier, and G. Pelletier, “Effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) gene expression in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus,” Brain Research, vol. 773, no. 1-2, pp. 190–196, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
7. G. Legradi, J. Hannibal, and R. M. Lechan, “Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-nerve terminals densely innervate corticotropin-releasing hormone-neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus of the rat,” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 246, no. 3, pp. 145–148, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
8. A. Agarwal, L. M. Halvorson, and G. Legradi, “Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) mimics neuroendocrine and behavioral manifestations of stress: evidence for PKA-mediated expression of the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) gene,” Molecular Brain Research, vol. 138, no. 1, pp. 45–57, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
9. S. D. Norrholm, M. Das, and G. Legradi, “Behavioral effects of local microinfusion of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) into the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN),” Regulatory Peptides, vol. 128, no. 1, pp. 33–41, 2005. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
10. A. M. M. Van Erp, M. R. Kruk, D. C. Willekens-Bramer et al., “Grooming induced by intrahypothalamic injection of ACTH in the rat: comparison with grooming induced by intrahypothalamic electrical stimulation and i.c.v. injection of ACTH,” Brain Research, vol. 538, no. 2, pp. 203–210, 1991. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
11. H. Monnikes, I. Heymann-Monnikes, and Y. Tache, “CRF in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus induces dose-related behavioral profile in rats,” Brain Research, vol. 574, no. 1-2, pp. 70–76, 1992. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
12. G. Telegdy and K. Kokavszky, “The action of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) on passive avoidance learning. The role of transmitters,” Brain Research, vol. 874, no. 2, pp. 194–199, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
13. S. Maren, “Neurobiology of Pavlovian fear conditioning,” Annual Review of Neuroscience, vol. 24, pp. 897–931, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
14. M. Davis, “Neural circuitry of anxiety and stress disorders,” in Neuropsychopharmacology: The Fifth Generation of Progress, K. L. Davis, D. Charney, J. T. Coyle, and C. Nemeroff, Eds., pp. 931–951, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 2002. View at Google Scholar
15. J. E. LeDoux, “The emotional brain, fear, and the amygdala,” Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, vol. 23, no. 4-5, pp. 727–738, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
16. J. E. LeDoux, “Emotion circuits in the brain,” Annual Review of Neuroscience, vol. 23, pp. 155–184, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
17. K. Koves, A. Arimura, T. G. Gorcs, and A. Somogyvari-Vigh, “Comparative distribution of immunoreactive pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in rat forebrain,” Neuroendocrinology, vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 159–169, 1991. View at Google Scholar
18. L. Kivipelto, A. Absood, A. Arimura, F. Sundler, R. Hakanson, and P. Panula, “The distribution of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-like immunoreactivity is distinct from helodermin- and helospectin-like immunoreactivities in the rat brain,” Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, vol. 5, no. 1, pp. 85–94, 1992. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
19. H. D. Piggins, J. A. Stamp, J. Burns, B. Rusak, and K. Semba, “Distribution of pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) immunoreactivity in the hypothalamus and extended amygdala of the rat,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 376, no. 2, pp. 278–294, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
20. T. Kozicz, S. Vigh, and A. Arimura, “Axon terminals containing PACAP- and VIP-immunoreactivity form synapses with CRF-immunoreactive neurons in the dorsolateral division of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in the rat,” Brain Research, vol. 767, no. 1, pp. 109–119, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
21. J. Hannibal, “Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide in the rat central nervous system: an immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization study,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 453, no. 4, pp. 389–417, 2002. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
22. H. Hashimoto, H. Nogi, K. Mori et al., “Distribution of the mRNA for a pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide receptor in the rat brain: an in situ hybridization study,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 371, no. 4, pp. 567–577, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
23. D. Treit and J. P. Pinel, “Defensive burying,” in The Behavior of the Laboratory Rat, I. Q. Whishaw and B. Kolb, Eds., pp. 353–362, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA, 2005. View at Google Scholar
24. B. Roozendaal, J. M. Koolhaas, and B. Bohus, “Posttraining norepinephrine infusion into the central amygdala differentially enhances later retention in Roman high-avoidance and low- avoidance rats,” Behavioral Neuroscience, vol. 107, no. 4, pp. 575–579, 1993. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
25. D. Treit, C. Pesold, and S. Rotzinger, “Dissociating the anti-fear effects of septal and amygdaloid lesions using two pharmacologically validated models of rat anxiety,” Behavioral Neuroscience, vol. 107, no. 5, pp. 770–785, 1993. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
26. A. Degroot, S. Kashluba, and D. Treit, “Septal GABAergic and hippocampal cholinergic systems modulate anxiety in the plus-maze and shock-probe tests,” Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, vol. 69, no. 3-4, pp. 391–399, 2001. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
27. S. F. De Boer and J. M. Koolhaas, “Defensive burying in rodents: ethology, neurobiology and psychopharmacology,” European Journal of Pharmacology, vol. 463, no. 1–3, pp. 145–161, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
28. J. P. Huston, S. Schildein, P. Gerhardt, C. Privou, H. Fink, and R. U. Hasenöhrl, “Modulation of memory, reinforcement and anxiety parameters by intra-amygdala injection of cholecystokinin-fragments Boc-CCK-4 and CCK-8s,” Peptides, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 27–37, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
29. K. B. Baker and J. J. Kim, “Amygdalar lateralization in fear conditioning: evidence for greater involvement of the right amygdala,” Behavioral Neuroscience, vol. 118, no. 1, pp. 15–23, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
30. C. Pesold and D. Treit, “Excitotoxic lesions of the septum produce anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus-maze and the shock-probe burying tests,” Physiology and Behavior, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 37–47, 1992. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
31. A. Arimura, “Perspectives on pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) in the neuroendocrine, endocrine, and nervous systems,” Japanese Journal of Physiology, vol. 48, no. 5, pp. 301–331, 1998. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
32. D. Vaudry, B. J. Gonzalez, M. Basille, L. Yon, A. Fournier, and H. Vaudry, “Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and its receptors: from structure to functions,” Pharmacological Reviews, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 269–324, 2000. View at Google Scholar
33. D. Treit and M. Fundytus, “A comparison of buspirone and chloridazepoxide in the shock-probe/burying test for anxiolytics,” Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 1071–1075, 1988. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
34. M. D. Cassell, L. J. Freedman, and C. Shi, “The intrinsic organization of the central extended amygdala,” Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol. 877, no. 1, pp. 217–241, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
35. D. A. Hopkins and G. Holstege, “Amygdaloid projections to the mesencephalon, pons and medulla oblongata in the cat,” Experimental Brain Research, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 529–547, 1978. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
36. J. E. LeDoux, J. Iwata, P. Cicchetti, and D. J. Reis, “Different projections of the central amygdaloid nucleus mediate autonomic and behavioral correlates of conditioned fear,” The Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 2517–2529, 1988. View at Google Scholar
37. J. M. Hitchcock, C. B. Sananes, and M. Davis, “Sensitization of the startle reflex by footshock: blockade by lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala or its efferent pathway to the brainstem,” Behavioral Neuroscience, vol. 103, no. 3, pp. 509–518, 1989. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
38. S. Saha, T. F. C. Batten, and Z. Henderson, “A GABAergic projection from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the nucleus of the solitary tract: a combined anterograde tracing and electron microscopic immunohistochemical study,” Neuroscience, vol. 99, no. 4, pp. 613–626, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
39. P. J. Lang, M. Davis, and A. Öhman, “Fear and anxiety: animal models and human cognitive psychophysiology,” Journal of Affective Disorders, vol. 61, no. 3, pp. 137–159, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
40. B. Roozendaal, J. M. Koolhaas, and B. Bohus, “Central amygdala lesions affect behavioral and autonomic balance during stress in rats,” Physiology and Behavior, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 777–781, 1991. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
41. B. Roozendaal, J. M. Koolhaas, and B. Bohus, “Attenuated cardiovascular, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses after a single footshock in central amygdaloid lesioned male rats,” Physiology and Behavior, vol. 50, no. 4, pp. 771–775, 1991. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
42. B. Roozendaal, J. M. Koolhaas, and B. Bohus, “The role of the central amygdala in stress and adaption,” Acta Physiologica Scandinavica, Supplement, vol. 640, pp. 51–54, 1997. View at Google Scholar
43. M. R. Tinsley and M. S. Fanselow, “Fear,” in The Behavior of the Laboratory Rat, I. Q. Whishaw and B. Kolb, Eds., pp. 410–421, Oxford University Press, New York, NY, USA, 2005. View at Google Scholar
44. J. Hannibal, M. Møller, O. P. Ottersen, and J. Fahrenkrug, “PACAP and glutamate are co-stored in the retinohypothalamic tract,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 418, no. 2, pp. 147–155, 2000. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
45. G. Legradi, S. Shioda, and A. Arimura, “Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide-like immunoreactivity in autonomic regulatory areas of the rat medulla oblongata,” Neuroscience Letters, vol. 176, no. 2, pp. 193–196, 1994. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
46. N. J. Dun, T. Miyazaki, H. Tang, and E. C. Dun, “Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide immunoreactivity in the rat spinal cord and medulla: implication of sensory and autonomic functions,” Neuroscience, vol. 73, no. 3, pp. 677–686, 1996. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
47. G. Legradi, J. Hannibal, and R. M. Lechan, “Association between pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide and thyrotropin-releasing hormone in the rat hypothalamus,” Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 265–279, 1997. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
48. M. Das, C. S. Vihlen, and G. Legradi, “Hypothalamic and brainstem sources of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide nerve fibers innervating the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the rat,” Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol. 500, no. 4, pp. 761–776, 2007. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
49. S. Makino, T. Shibasaki, N. Yamauchi et al., “Psychological stress increased corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA and content in the central nucleus of the amygdala but not in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus in the rat,” Brain Research, vol. 850, no. 1-2, pp. 136–143, 1999. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
50. M. Diamant, G. Croiset, and D. de Wied, “The effect of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on autonomic and behavioral responses during shock-prod burying test in rats,” Peptides, vol. 13, no. 6, pp. 1149–1158, 1992. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
51. A. H. Swiergiel, L. K. Takahashi, and N. H. Kalin, “Attenuation of stress-induced behavior by antagonism of corticotropin-releasing factor receptors in the central amygdala in the rat,” Brain Research, vol. 623, no. 2, pp. 229–234, 1993. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
52. J. E. Haddon and S. Killcross, “Prefrontal cortex lesions disrupt the contextual control of response conflict,” The Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 2933–2940, 2006. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
53. G. J. Quirk, E. Likhtik, J. G. Pelletier, and D. Paré, “Stimulation of medial prefrontal cortex decreases the responsiveness of central amygdala output neurons,” The Journal of Neuroscience, vol. 23, no. 25, pp. 8800–8807, 2003. View at Google Scholar
54. A. A. Shah and D. Treit, “Excitotoxic lesions of the medial prefrontal cortex attenuate fear responses in the elevated-plus maze, social interaction and shock probe burying tests,” Brain Research, vol. 969, no. 1-2, pp. 183–194, 2003. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar
55. A. A. Shah, T. Sjovold, and D. Treit, “Inactivation of the medial prefrontal cortex with the GABAA receptor agonist muscimol increases open-arm activity in the elevated plus-maze and attenuates shock-probe burying in rats,” Brain Research, vol. 1028, no. 1, pp. 112–115, 2004. View at Publisher · View at Google Scholar