The Gain Modulation by N-methyl-D-aspartate in the Projection Neurons of Robust Nucleus of the Arcopallium in Adult Zebra Finches

<table>A decrease of input resistance induced by NMDA in RA projection neurons. The input resistance was decreased to <svg height="11.2875" id="M12" style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 90.6875 11.2875" width="90.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" id="x33"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16.381,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x33"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,24.541,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.416,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x32"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.576,10.862)"><path d="M244 635q90 0 143 -72t53 -177q0 -133 -65 -229.5t-171 -139.5q-79 -32 -140 -32l-5 30q109 18 185 91t101 186l-68 -36q-29 -16 -60 -16q-79 0 -129 51.5t-50 130.5q0 80 57 146.5t149 66.5zM228 602q-52 0 -78 -45.5t-26 -98.5q0 -69 36.5 -115.5t97.5 -46.5
q53 0 90 28q4 31 4 66q0 51 -9.5 95.5t-39 80.5t-75.5 36z" id="x39"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,48.509,10.862)"><path d="M535 290h-212v-206h-58v206h-213v50h213v193h58v-193h212v-50zM535 -22h-483v50h483v-50z" id="xB1"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,62.261,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x39"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,70.42,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,74.296,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x39"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,82.455,10.862)"><path d="M447 623l8 -12l-283 -613l-74 -10l-7 11q174 283 297 551h-216q-48 0 -62.5 -12t-33.5 -63h-29q10 60 18 148h382z" id="x37"></path></g>
</svg> MΩ after application of 20 <i>μ</i>M NMDA from <svg height="11.4" id="M13" style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 90.6875 11.4" width="90.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x32"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,10.963)"><path d="M456 178h-96v-72q0 -51 12.5 -62.5t72.5 -16.5v-27h-256v27q65 5 78 17t13 62v72h-260v28q182 271 300 426h40v-407h96v-47zM280 225v295h-2q-107 -148 -196 -295h198z" id="x34"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16.381,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x37"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,24.541,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.416,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x30"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.576,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x37"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,48.509,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#xB1"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,62.261,10.963)"><path d="M137 343l67 33q37 17 63 17q79 0 129.5 -53t50.5 -131q0 -92 -58 -156.5t-147 -64.5t-147 68t-58 182q0 63 17 119t43 95.5t61.5 72t69 52t67.5 31.5q62 22 128 33l6 -32q-56 -11 -108 -35q-149 -71 -184 -231zM227 337q-47 0 -95 -27q-6 -23 -6 -70q0 -93 36 -155.5
t96 -62.5q53 0 78 45.5t25 105.5q0 68 -35 116t-99 48z" id="x36"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,70.42,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,74.296,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x33"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,82.455,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x31"></use></g>
</svg> MΩ and was recovered to <svg height="11.2875" id="M14" style="vertical-align:-0.3003pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 90.6875 11.2875" width="90.6875" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x32"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.222,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x34"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,16.381,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x35"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,24.541,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.416,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x37"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,36.576,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x32"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,48.509,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#xB1"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,62.261,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x35"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,70.42,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,74.296,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x37"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,82.455,10.862)"><use xlink:href="#x35"></use></g>
</svg> MΩ after wash for 10 min. Individual cells are shown as open circles, and the average of each group is shown as an closed circle. <svg height="11.375" id="M15" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 58.712502 11.375" width="58.712502" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x1D443"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.582,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x3C"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,30.286,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,38.446,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x2E"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,42.321,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x30"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,50.481,11.112)"><use xlink:href="#x35"></use></g>
</svg> (<svg height="11.225" id="M16" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 36.237499 11.225" width="36.237499" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
<g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x1D45B"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,13.305,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x3D"></use></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,28.008,10.963)"><use xlink:href="#x36"></use></g>
</svg>, paired <i>t</i>-test).</table>

Neural Plasticity

fig2

Figure 2

Figure 2: The Gain Modulation by N-methyl-D-aspartate in the Projection Neurons of Robust Nucleus of the Arcopallium in Adult Zebra Finches 