Audiomotor Integration in Minimally Conscious State: Proof of Concept!
Table 1
The clinical and demographic characteristics of the whole sample. We reported the monthly individual and group CRS-R scores ± SD (the CRS-R was daily administered for 30 consecutive days before protocol enrollment), with the unpaired -test values. The MCS patients who ameliorated at the auditory function (. 3, 6, 7, 8, and 10) at following the real_protocol are marked in bold.
DOC
Gender
Etiology
Age
BI
MRI
CRS-R
Total
A
V
M
OM
C
Ar
MCS ()
F
A
72
6
WMH
19 ± 1.5
4 ± .6
4 ± 1.5
5 ± 1.3
2 ± .7
1
3 ± .7
M
T
51
18
WMH, RBG_h
18 ± .9
3 ± .7
3 ± 1.1
7 ± .9
1 ± 1.4
1
3 ± .7
F
A
66
9
WMH
11 ± .8
1 ± 1.1
3 ± .8
2 ± .9
1 ± 1.2
1
3 ± .8
F
T
70
22
Fb_h
15 ± 1
3 ± .6
2 ± .7
5 ± 1.6
2 ± 1.6
1
2 ± .9
M
T
33
8
multiple_h
14 ± 1
2 ± 1.4
2 ± 1
5 ± 1.6
2 ± .9
1
2 ± .7
F
A
41
15
WMH
11 ± 1
1 ± .8
1 ± 1.3
3 ± 1.5
2 ± 1.6
1
3 ± 1
M
T
35
16
WMH,
11 ± .9
1 ± 1.2
1 ± 1.3
3 ± .7
2 ± 1.6
1
3 ± .7
F
A
29
17
WMH
11 ± .9
1 ± 1.2
1 ± 1.7
3 ± .7
2 ± 1.6
1
3 ± .8
M
T
23
18
WMH, LBG_h
12 ± 1
2 ± 1.3
1 ± 1.5
3 ± .9
2 ± 1.1
1
3 ± .9
F
A
47
14
WMH
11.9 ± 1
11.4
3 ± 1.5
2 ± .9
2 ± 1.3
1
3 ± .9
mean ± SD
47 ± 18
14 ± 5
24 ± .8
4 ± 1.1
4 ± 1.1
5 ± 1.6
1.8 ± .4
1
3 ± .4
UWS ()
M
A
53
8
WMH
5 ± .4
1 ± .4
1 ± 1
1 ± 1.5
1 ± 1.2
0
1 ± 1.1
F
T
26
3
DAI, SAH
4 ± .5
1 ± .5
1 ± 1.6
1 ± 1.8
0 ± 1
0
1 ± 1.1
F
T
56
8
FP_h
6 ± .9
0 ± .9
2 ± 1.4
2 ± 1.2
1 ± .7
0
1 ± .8
F
A
62
11
WMH
6 ± .9
1 ± .9
1 ± 1.5
2 ± 1.5
0 ± 1.7
0
2 ± .8
M
T
51
9
SAH
4 ± .5
1 ± .9
1 ± 1.6
1 ± 1.4
0 ± 1.2
0
1 ± .9
M
A
69
11
WMH
7 ± .8
1 ± .5
1 ± 1.9
2 ± 1
1 ± .9
0
2 ± 1.2
F
T
74
12
DAI, SAH
6 ± .9
1 ± .8
2 ± 1.7
1 ± 1
0 ± 1.9
0
2 ± 1.6
M
A
69
13
WMH
7 ± 1
1 ± .9
2 ± 1.2
2 ± .9
0 ± 1.3
0
2 ± 1.6
F
T
44
14
DAI, SAH
7 ± 1
1 ± .9
2 ± 1.7
2 ± 1.3
0 ± 1.8
0
2 ± .9
F
T
52
15
FT_h
7 ± 1
1 ± .9
2 ± .9
2 ± 1.3
0 ± 1
0
2 ± 1.6
mean ± SD
56 ± 14
10 ± 4
5.9 ± 1.1
0.9 ± .3
1.5 ± .5
1.6 ± .5
0.3 ± .4
0
1.6 ± .5
Unpaired -test
NS
NS
NS
0.03
NS
<0.001
0.02
NS
0.001
<0.001
<0.001
<0.001
Age in years; BI: brain injury onset in months; CRS-R: Coma Recovery Scale-Revised including auditory (A), visual (V), motor (M), oromotor (OM), communication domain (C), and arousal induction (Ar); etiology: A, postanoxic; T, posttraumatic brain injury; MRI: structural patterns including WMH (white matter hyperintensity), _h (hemorrhagic lesion), FP (right frontopolar), BG (basal ganglia), Fb (left frontobasal), SAH (subarachnoid hemorrhage), and DAI (diffuse axonal injury); SD: standard deviation.
