Is the Frequency in Somatosensory Electrical Stimulation the Key Parameter in Modulating the Corticospinal Excitability of Healthy Volunteers and Stroke Patients with Spasticity?

Figure 3

Normalized values collected immediately after (0′) SES and up to 5′ later at the four frequencies (3, 30, 150, and 300 Hz) for the flexor (FCR) (a) and extensor (ECR) (b) carpi radialis and the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) (c). (d) depicts the results obtained for normalized FCR H- values immediately after (0′) SES and up to 5′ later for the four frequencies of SES. The dotted line provides a reference from the baseline (before SES) and relative deviations of the results obtained after SES.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)