The Role of Hypothalamic Neuropeptides in Neurogenesis and Neuritogenesis

Table 1

Effects of small-size neuropeptides on neurogenesis and neuritogenesis.

Name	Size of amino acids	Effect on neurogenesis	Effect on neuritogenesis
Orexins (orexin-A)	33	Primary hippocampal cells [34]; ↑ gyrus dentatus [34, 35]	↑ primary cortical cells [36]
Melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH)	19	Unknown	↑ SH-SY5Y cells [37]
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH, β-MSH)	13 and 18	↑ gyrus dentatus [38, 39]	↑ dorsal root ganglia neuron culture [40]
Substance P	11	↑ spinal neural stem cells [41]	Unknown
Enkephalins (met-enkephalin)	5	↑ SH-SY5Y cells, Neuro-2A cells [42]	↑ Neuro-2A cells [42]
Neuropeptide Y (NPY)	36	↑ gyrus dentatus [43]	↑ dorsal root ganglia neuron culture [44]
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)	3	Unknown	↑ ventral spinal cord [45]
Corticotrophin-releasing hormone (CRH)	41	↑ neural stem/progenitor cells [46]	Unknown
Oxytocin	9	↑ hippocampus [47]	↑ SH-SY5Y cells [48]
Vasopressin	9	↑ gyrus dentatus [49]	Unknown