Maladaptive Plasticity in Aphasia: Brain Activation Maps Underlying Verb Retrieval Errors

Table 3

Significantly activated areas associated with the production of semantic verb paraphasia in participant 1 (a), participant 2 (b), and participant 3 (c).

(a)

Left hemisphere							Right hemisphere
Region	BA	Results SPM			-score	Cluster size	Region	BA	Results SPM			-score	Cluster size
		Frontal lobe, precentral gyrus	4	−16					−28	76	3.00			43	Limbic lobe, posterior cingulate cortex	29	2	−50	8	3.89	74
Frontal lobe, superior frontal gyrus	6	−20	2	76	2.97	15	Cerebellum, culmen		44	−50	−40	3.74	14
Frontal lobe, inferior frontal gyrus	47	−36	22	−18	2.93	18	Frontal lobe, precentral gyrus	4	66	−2	18	3.70	34
Cerebellum, culmen		−34	−50	−22	4.03	163	Cerebellum, cerebellar tonsil		26	−44	−44	3.47	19
Frontal lobe, middle frontal gyrus	47	−46	40	−12	3.46	38	Frontal lobe, inferior frontal gyrus	47	38	22	−20	3.37	12
Frontal lobe, middle frontal gyrus		−62	10	36	3.07	23	Temporal lobe, superior temporal gyrus	22	70	−34	12	5.92	332
Brainstem, pons		−4	−22	−36	4.92	32	Frontal lobe, precentral gyrus	6	66	−12	40	4.07	155
Frontal lobe, postcentral gyrus		−58	−10	50	4.72	132
Occipital lobe, fusiform gyrus		−44	−76	−20	4.10	53

(b)

Left hemisphere							Right hemisphere
Region	BA	Results SPM			-score	Cluster size	Region	BA	Results SPM			-score	Cluster size
		Thalamus, ventral lateral nucleus		−14					−10	4	3.20			10	Occipital lobe, cuneus	19	18	−86	34	3.15	19
Temporal lobe, inferior temporal gyrus	19	−48	−76	−6	8.64	5520	Frontal lobe, middle frontal gyrus	6	40	0	44	3.11	22
Cerebellum, inferior semilunar lobule		−18	−70	−48	4.66	338	Frontal lobe, inferior frontal gyrus	13	34	16	−22	3.06	33
							Temporal lobe, superior temporal gyrus	22	58	−8	2	2.96	17
							Parietal lobe, precuneus	7	16	−74	56	2.94	11
							Frontal lobe, precentral gyrus	4	16	−36	72	2.93	13
							Temporal lobe, middle temporal gyrus	22	64	−36	2	2.90	23
							Limbic lobe, posterior cingulate cortex		10	−70	12	2.86	22
							Occipital lobe, cuneus	18	12	−86	18	2.85	16
							Cerebellum, tuber		50	−56	−36	5.36	679
							Temporal lobe, superior temporal gyrus	22	56	12	−6	5.28	141
							Temporal lobe, middle temporal gyrus	21	66	−50	2	4.21	91

(c)

Left hemisphere							Right hemisphere
Region	BA	Results SPM			-score	Cluster size	Region	BA	Results SPM			-score	Cluster size
		Temporal lobe, middle temporal gyrus	39	−62					−60	8	2.90			16	Frontal lobe, precentral gyrus	6	48	0	48	3.28	95
Frontal lobe, inferior frontal gyrus	45	−54	20	18	6.90	16933	Limbic lobe, cingulate gyrus	24	6	4	30	3.26	25
Parietal lobe, superior parietal lobule	7	−36	−72	46	5.67	510	Frontal lobe, superior frontal gyrus	9	18	48	32	3.10	53
Parietal lobe, inferior parietal lobule	40	−50	−52	48	3.74	169	Lentiform nucleus, putamen		30	2	−10	3.00	25
							Frontal lobe, inferior frontal gyrus	45	64	12	20	2.99	25
							Frontal lobe, middle frontal gyrus		52	34	16	2.92	36
							Insula		38	22	−4	4.40	745
							Temporal lobe, middle temporal gyrus	21	48	8	−40	3.41	11