Neuron-Glia Interactions in Neural Plasticity: Contributions of Neural Extracellular Matrix and Perineuronal Nets

Figure 1

PNNs and neural plasticity. The cartoon depicts the composition of an ECM coat in a PNN on neuronal surfaces, as produced jointly by neurons and astrocytes (a), magnified in (a′). PNNs restrict adult neuronal plasticity, by providing inhibitory environment (depicted in red) restricting astrocyte-induced plasticity and by embedding repulsive guidance molecules. Only several permissive areas are left, indicated in green. Remodelling of PNNs and consequent regain of plasticity (b) can be induced by distinct treatments, as shown by the arrow.