Enhanced Neuroplasticity by the Metabolic Enhancer Piracetam Associated with Improved Mitochondrial Dynamics and Altered Permeability Transition Pore Function

Figure 8

The mPTP inductor atractyloside (Atr) induces mitochondrial fragmentation. (a) Atr induces mitochondrial fragmentation. Cells treated with Atr exhibit more punctuated and less tubular mitochondria. (b) Piracetam (Pira) is able to ameliorate these changes in mitochondrial dynamics. SH-SY5Y Ctl cells were incubated with piracetam (1 mM) for 3 hours, Atr was added for the last 2.5 hours, and cells were stained and fixed for analysis of mitochondrial dynamics. (c) Representative pictures of SH-SY5Y cells treated with media as control, atractyloside (Atr, 100 μM), and/or piracetam (Pira, 1 mM). Scale bar represents 10 μm. Data are represented as mean ± SEM; Two-Way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s posttest (, compared to untreated control cells or Atr treated cells, resp.); .

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