Inhibition Plasticity in Older Adults: Practice and Transfer Effects Using a Multiple Task Approach

Table 1

Demographic characteristics and baseline cognitive performance assessed at pretest separately for the practice group and control group.

Characteristic	Practice group; (n = 24)	Control group; (n = 24)	p	d
Age (years)	68.96 (8.13)	71.54 (7.37)	.26	.33
Gender (female : male)	17 : 7	17 : 7	—	—
Education (years)	15.83 (3.56)	15.71 (2.97)	.90	.04
Health	8.43 (1.34)	8.58 (1.25)	.70	.12
Visual acuity	26.25 (6.47)	27.29 (5.89)	.56	.17
Shipley Vocabulary Test	36.63 (1.97)	35.96 (2.79)	.34	.28
Beck’s Anxiety Inventory	4.63 (4.03)	6.17 (6.78)	.34	.28
CES-D	8.83 (6.16)	9.92 (8.52)	.62	.15
Short Blessed Test	.75 (1.29)	.71 (1.52)	.92	.03

Note. Standard deviations are in parentheses. CES-D = Centre for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale. Education was indexed by the average number of years of formal education. Health was indexed by a self-reported score out of 10. Visual acuity was indexed by the near-visual acuity score from the Rosenbaum Visual Acuity Pocket Screener (score 20/—). Shipley Vocabulary Test was scored by the average number of correct solutions. Average scores were displayed for Beck’s Anxiety Inventory, CES-D, and Short Blessed Test.
; value from the independent -test (practice versus control); d = Cohen’s d effect size calculated for between-subjects comparison.