Anodal tDCS over Primary Motor Cortex Provides No Advantage to Learning Motor Sequences via Observation

Figure 1

Sequence learning and testing elements. (a) Observation trial example. A sequence cue was followed by a video showing a hand executing the sequence five times, either correctly or incorrectly. Occasionally, a question was asked whether there was an error in any of the five repetitions, and a response had to be made. (b) Execution trial example. A cued sequence had to be memorised and then executed five times while receiving performance feedback.

(a) Observation trial example

(b) Pretraining, posttraining, and retention test example