|
| Authors | Sample | H&Y | Cognitive rehabilitation program | Tests1 | Predictors of greater improvement | MRI (Table 2) | Results | Long-term follow-up (Table 3) | Limitations/risk of bias |
| Duration | Paper-pencil—P
Computerized—C | Cogn. domains trained | Format |
|
| París et al. [35] | 28 PD
16 CR
12 ACG | 1–3 | 12 sessions
4 weeks
3 times/week
45 min/session | CR—“SmartBrain tool” (P + C)
ACG—
speech therapy | (i) Attention
(ii) WM
(iii) Memory
(iv) Psychomotor speed
(v) EF
(vi) Visuospatial ability
(vii) Language
(viii) Calculation skills
(ix) Culture | Group + home | (i) Attention
(ii) WM
(iii) EF
(iv) Processing speed
(v) Verbal memory
(vi) Visual memory
(vii) Visuoconstruction
(viii) Visuospatial ability
(ix) Verbal fluency
(x) Depression
(xi) Quality of life
(xii) Daily living activities | — | — | Improvements
(i) Attention/WM
(ii) Information processing speed
(iii) Visual memory
(iv) Visuospatial ability
(v) Visuoconstructive ability
(vi) Semantic fluency
(vii) EF | — | Small sample size |
|
| Edwards et al. [34] | 74 PD
32 CR
42 CG | 1–3 | 36 sessions
3 months
3 times/week
1 h/session | CR—“InSight version of SOPT” (C) | (i) Information processing speed | Home | (i) Speed of processing
(self-reported)
(ii) Perception of cognitive and everyday functioning
(self-reported)
(iii) Depression | <Age at PD diagnosis
>Disease duration | — | Improvements
(i) Speed of processing | — | No ACG
Only 1 domain trained
Self-reported test for cognition and functionality |
|
| Cerasa et al. [33] | 15 PD
8 CR
7 ACG | 1–3 | 12 sessions
6 weeks
2 times/week
1 h/session | CR—“RehaCom” (C)
ACG—visuomotor coordination tapping task. In-house software (C) | (i) Attention
(ii) Information processing | Group | (i) Attention/processing speed
(ii) EF
(iii) WM
(iv) Spatial memory
(v) Verbal memory
(vi) Visuospatial orientation
(vii) Verbal fluency
(viii) Depression
(ix) Anxiety
(x) Quality of life | — | Yes | Improvements
(i) Attention/processing speed
(ii) WM | — | Small sample size |
|
| Zimmermann et al. [37] | 39 PD
19 CR
20 ACG | 2a | 12 sessions
4 weeks
3 times/week | CR—“CogniPlus” (C)
ACG—“Nintendo Wii” (C) | (i) Attention
(ii) Working memory
(iii) EF | Group | (i) Attention
(ii) WM
(iii) EF
(iv) Episodic memory
(v) Visuoconstruction | (i) WM score
(ii) Flexibility score | — | (i) ACG improved attention compared to CR | — | Small sample size
No change in functionality evaluated |
| Petrelli et al. [32] | 65 PD
22 CR-NV
22 CR-MT
21 CG | 1–3 | 12 sessions
6 weeks
2 times/week
90 min/session | P
“NEUROvitalis”—NV
P
“mentally fit”—MF | NV
(i) Attention
(ii) Memory
(iii) EF
MF
(i) Attention
(ii) Memory
(iii) Creativity | Group + individual | (i) Attention
(ii) Memory
(iii) EF
(iv) Visuoconstruction
(v) Depression
(vi) Quality of life | — | — | Improvements
NV versus CG
(i) Working memory
(ii) Short-term memory
Improvements
MF versus CG
(i) Depression
Improvements
NV versus MT
(i) Working memory | 12 months | Small sample size
No ACG |
|
| Peña et al. [31] | 42 PD
20 PD-CR
22 PD-ACG | 1–3 | 39 sessions
13 weeks
3 times/week
1 h/session | CR—“REHACOP” (P)
ACG—occupational activities (P) | (i) Attention
(ii) Memory
(iii) Language
(iv) EF
(v) Social cognition
(vi) PS | Group | (i) Processing speed
(ii) Memory
(iii) Executive functions
(iv) Social cognition
(v) Functional disability
(vi) Apathy
(vii) Depression | — | Yes | Improvements
PD-CR versus PD-ACG
(i) Processing speed
(ii) Visual memory
(iii) Social cognition
(iv) Functional disability | 18 months | Small sample size |
|
