Effect of Group-Based Rehabilitation Combining Action Observation with Physiotherapy on Freezing of Gait in Parkinson’s Disease
Table 2
Outcome measures tested before and after training and at follow-up evaluation.
Outcome measures
Action observation training group
Landscape observation training group
Repeated measure analysis of variance
PRE
POST
FU-4w
PRE
POST
FU-4w
Time
Time × group
FoG-Q (score)
12.3 ± 5.8
9.7 ± 5.8
9.4 ± 5.7
12.6 ± 5.3
10.5 ± 4.8
12.0 ± 5.7
(F2,59 = 41.92; )
(F2,59 = 9.49; )
TUG (sec.)
16.1 ± 7.2
12.2 ± 4.9
12.9 ± 4.1
17.3 ± 8.1
13.4 ± 6.1
15.5 ± 6.8
(F2,59 = 27.65; )
(F2,59 = 3.52; )
BBS (score)
46.3 ± 8.5
51.3 ± 5.7
51.5 ± 5.5
48.3 ± 7.1
52.4 ± 4.5
49.6 ± 5.7
(F2,59 = 17.20; )
(F2,59 = 3.24; )
10 M-WT (sec.)
13.9 ± 4.0
10.7 ± 3.9
12.3 ± 4.3
15.4 ± 5.5
12.9 ± 4.3
13.9 ± 5.4
(F2,59 = 35.95; )
(F2,59 = 0.77; )
The mean ± standard deviation and details of statistical analysis are reported. FOG-Q: freezing of gait questionnaire; TUG: Timed Up and Go; BBS: Berg balance scale; 10 M-WT, 10-meter walking test; PRE: baseline evaluation; POST: after training evaluation; FU-4w: follow-up 4-weeks evaluation. Post hoc analysis: PRE versus POST and PRE versus FU-4w significant changes.
