Instrumental or Physical-Exercise Rehabilitation of Balance Improves Both Balance and Gait in Parkinson’s Disease

Table 1

Demographics, clinical details, and medication of the 32 patients with PD who participated in the study, divided into the two training groups: PD-E (exercises) and PD-P (platform). The two groups were homogeneous at baseline, as shown by Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U test.

Group	Sex	Age (years)	Body weight (kg)	Height (cm)	Duration (years)	MMSE	Hoehn–Yahr	UPDRS motor score	Medication (mg/die)	LED (mg)
PD-E	M	70	76	160	12	27.03	3	12	LD (937.5), PR (2.1), RA (1)	1248
	M	75	83	178	4	23	2	20	PR (3.15), RA (1)	415
	M	63	75	160	4	29	2	10	LD (187.5), RA (1), RT (8)	528
	M	71	63	167	6	27	2	17	LD (375), PR (0.52), RA (0.5)	477
	W	68	62	168	11	30	2.5	20	EN (800), LD (500), RA (0.5), RO (8), RT (4)	995
	M	81	75	167	8	26.4	2	12	LD (625), PR (0.52)	677
	W	58	53	167	11	30	2	21	EN (800), LD (656.25), PR (1.05)	978
	M	66	69	166	3	27.9	2.5	11	LD (437.5), RO (24)	918
	M	66	65	172	6	27.9	2.5	21	LD (125), RA (1), RO (8)	385
	M	71	65	165	12	25.4	2.5	18	EN (400), LD (250), PR (2.1), RA (1)	643
	W	51	90	173	10	30	2	19	LD (312.5), PR (2.1), RA (1)	623
	M	70	76	180	9	30	2.5	22	AM (50), EN (600), LD (375), PR (0.52), RA (0.5)	651
	M	54	68	167	7	30	2.5	31	RA (1), RO (16)	420
	W	72	63	160	1	30	1.5	9	PR (0.52)	52
	M	69	72	170	5	26.9	2	17	LD (125), RA (1), RO (10)	425
	M	80	55	170	8	28.7	2.5	13	LD (500), PR (1.57), RA (2)	857
	M	71	82	168	1	25.3	3	24	PR (1.05), RA (1)	205
Mean		68.0	70.1	168.1	6.9	27.9	2.3	17.5		617.5
SD		8.0	9.9	5.6	3.6	2.1	0.4	5.8		307.4
PD-P	M	66	85	179	13	26.9	2.5	14	LD (125), PR (2.1), RA (1), RT (8)	675
	W	67	75	152	10	23	2.5	13	AM (200), LD (1000), PR (0.26), RA (1), RT (8)	1566
	M	79	62	170	12	23	2	20	M (150), EN (800), LD (637.5), PR (2.1), RA (0.5)	1258
	W	66	49	170	6	27	2.5	19	PR (3.41), RA (1)	441
	M	80	69	160	8	28.7	2.5	10	LD (893.75), RA (1)	994
	M	67	81	169	3	30	2	14	LD (500), PR (1.57)	657
	M	64	94	190	3	30	2.5	22	LD (875), PR (0.52)	927
	M	73	92	172	12	28.3	2.5	27	EN (800), LD (706.25), RA (1), RT (4)	1159
	W	62	60	157	5	30	1.5	9	PR (0.52), RA (1)	152
	W	70	60	160	10	30	2	23	EN (200), LD (137.5), PR (1.05), RT (8)	528
	M	75	80	170	10	27.4	2.5	24	EN (600), LD (375), RO (16)	819
	W	66	65	168	2	27.9	2.5	41	RA (1), RO (14)	380
	W	71	50	147	1	27.7	2.5	17	RA (1), RT (6)	280
	W	64	75	160	5	30	2.5	24	LD (125), PR (3.15), RA (1)	540
	M	72	99	180	4	27.4	2	24	EN (600), LD (281.25), RT (6)	554
Mean	69.5	73.1	166.9	6.9	27.8	2.3	20.1			728.7
SD	5.5	15.6	11.2	4.0	2.3	0.3	8.0			390.7
Student’s t-test	0.56	0.58	0.69	0.92						0.38
Mann–Whitney’s U test					0.89	0.33	0.28

SD: standard deviation; M: man; W: woman; MMSE: Mini-Mental State Examination; UPDRS: Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale; AM: amantadine; EN: entacapone; LD: levodopa; PR: pramipexole; RO: ropinirole; RA: rasagiline; RT: rotigotine; LED: levodopa equivalent dose [98].