| | Target | Suggested mechanisms |
| | Semaphorins | Sema 3A | Rac1 amino acids 17-13 [134], LIMK/cofilin [227], CRMP family [228], GSK-3β [229], RhoA/ROCK [230], ERM family [135], Rab family [136] | | Sema 3F | PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK [231] | | Sema 4D | GSK-3β [232] |
| | Slit | | Dock, Pak, the Rac1/Rac2/Mtl small GTPases [233], Fyn, Cdk5 [234], FAK/Cdc42 [235] |
| | Ephrins | Ephrin-B2 | Nck/Pak signaling complex [236] | | Ephrin-A | RhoA activation, Cdc42 and Rac1 inhibition [237], Rho/ROCK [163], Ret [91], Tsc2-Rheb [238], RacGAP α2-chimaerin [161] |
| | Netrin | Netrin-1 | Trio, Rac1 [239], cAMP [100], JNK-1 [126], TRPC channel [240] |
| | Neurotrophic factors | NGF | TrkA receptor [65], cAMP [241], ROCK [242], PI3K, PLC-γ [243] | | BDNF | TRPC channel [82], ADF/cofilin (AC) [67], PI3K, PLC-γ [243], FAK/Cdc42 [235] | | GDNF | Ret [91] |
| | Nonconventional guidance cues | Wnt | Wnt/Frizzled [194], PCP [204], Ryk/Derailed [192, 193] | | Shh | SFKs [212] | | BMP | LIMK, ADF/cofilins [218] |
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Abbreviations: LIMK: LIM kinase, PI3K: phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase, PLC-γ: phospholipase C-γ, MEK: mitogen-activated protein kinase, ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase, ROCK: RhoA kinase, TRPC: transient receptor potential canonical, ERM: ezrin/radixin/moesin, FAK: focal adhesion kinase, PCP: planar cell polarity, SFKs: Src family kinases.
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