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Experimental ischemic stroke model | Target method | Stimulation protocol | Stimulation time course | Recovery onset | Ref. |
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Mice, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion | Thy-1–ChR2–YFP line-18 transgenic mice which exhibited high levels of ChR2 in layer V of primary motor cortex pyramidal neurons | Activated pyramidal neurons in iM1 with 473 nm blue laser | Poststroke days 5-10, 10 Hz | Significant improvement from day 14 | [31] |
Mice, transient middle cerebral artery occlusion | Thy-1–ChR2–YFP line-18 transgenic mice | Activated neurons (mainly excitatory neurons) in cLCN with 473 nm blue laser | Poststroke days 5–14, 10 Hz | Significant improvement from day 14. | [39] |
Rat, middle cerebral artery occlusion | Injection of a Cre-recombinase-dependent ChR2 vector achieved the specific expression of ChR in corticospinal-projecting neurons | Activated corticospinal projecting neurons specifically expressing ChR2 with 473 nm blue LEDs | Poststroke days 3–14, 10 Hz | Significant improvement from day 21 | [9] |
Mice, ligations of distal branches of the middle cerebral artery | ChR2 transgenic mice (B6.Cg-Tg (Thy1-COP4/EYFP)18Gfng/J) and ChR2-YFP protein were selectively expressed in the excitatory glutamatergic neurons | Activated glutamatergic neuron in the striatum of the ChR2 transgenic mouse with 473 nm blue laser | Poststroke days 5–10, 10 Hz | Significant improvement from day 3 | [58] |
Mice, middle cerebral artery occlusion | Gad2-Arch-GFP transgenic mice and Arch-GFP were selectively expressed in GABAergic neurons expressed | Inhibited GABAergic neurons in striatum with 530 nm green laser | Poststroke days 5–14, 10 Hz | Significant improvement from day 14 | [54] |
Mice, middle cerebral artery occlusion | Injection of AAV2.CaMKII.hChR2(E123A) which drove ChR2 expression in thalamocortical projection neurons | Activated thalamocortical projecting neurons with 475 nm blue light | Poststroke days 3-42, 5 Hz | Significant improvement from day 14 | [46]. |
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