Review Article

Hypertension and Its Impact on Stroke Recovery: From a Vascular to a Parenchymal Overview

Table 2

Summary of focal stroke models in the rodent. MCAO: middle cerebral artery occlusion; MT: mechanical thrombectomy; ET-1: endothelin-1; IC: internal capsule.

Model typeTransient/permanentTopographyStandard neurological scoresMorbidityReproducibilityTranslational approachReferences

Intraluminal suture MCAO modelPermanent
Transient
Large infarct
Cortical and subcortical (according to the duration of ischemia)
Highly impairedHighModerateNo craniectomy
Conflicting data in the literature: model of malignant ischemic stroke versus regain of interest with MT for ischemia/reperfusion models
[34, 35, 38]
Distal branch electrocoagulation or ligationPermanentSmall infarct
Cortical
SubnormalLowHighCraniectomy with dura mater incision
Risk of brain electrocoagulation induced lesions
[34, 35, 38]
PhotothrombosisPermanentSmall infarcts
Cortical or subcortical infarcts
SubnormalVery lowHighFar from reality: no penumbra
Useful for lacunar strokes
[34, 35, 38]
Endothelin-1TransientVariable size
Subcortical infarcts
SubnormalLowModerateFar from reality: minimal edema
Useful for lacunar strokes
[34, 35, 38]
Stereotaxic malonate injectionPermanentFocal small infarct
Depending on topography (stereotaxic): lacunar or cortical
ImpairedLowHighUseful for lacunar strokes
Can specifically target IC
Less morbidity than ET-1 model
Far from reality for cortical strokes
[162]