Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Therapeutic Targets in Auditory Neuropathy

Figure 1

Mitochondrial dysfunction mechanism of spiral ganglion neurons in auditory neuropathy. Although mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction have not been illustrated distinctly, damages in following targets have been mentioned: (1) mitochondrial homeostasis including biogenesis, dynamics, and mitophagy; (2) redox homeostasis and energetic metabolism; (3) mitochondrial calcium homeostasis; and (4) proapoptotic signal in mitochondria. Drp1: dynamin-related protein 1; MFN1/2: mitofusin 1/2; OPA1: optic atrophy 1; PGC1-α: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 α; TFAM: mitochondrial transcription factor A; TCA: tricarboxylic acid; ETC: electron transport chain; MCU: mitochondrial calcium uniporter; VDAC: voltage-dependent anion channel; NCLX: Na+/Ca2+/Li+ exchanger; Bcl-2: B cell lymphoma-2; BAX: Bcl-2 associated protein X; AIF: apoptosis inducing factor.