Impact of Experimental Tonic Pain on Corrective Motor Responses to Mechanical Perturbations

Figure 2

(a) Experimental sensory conditions. The illustration shows the discrepancy between the position of the virtual upper limb (UL) and the participants’ UL (hidden from view, represented by black bars) in all experimental conditions except VPc. Note that the virtual UL and the participants’ UL were always aligned on the initial target prior to the perturbation. (b) Study design. Study design comprised five main steps. Maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) and familiarization and calibration phases were needed for methodological purposes only. Experimental trials were performed in 5 blocks of 48 trials (a total of 240 trials), with a ~2-minute rest between each block. P = proprioceptive; VPc = visuoproprioceptive congruent; VPi = visuoproprioceptive incongruent; V = visual; F = flexion; E = extension.

(a)

(b)