Reading and Calculation Neural Systems and Their Weighted Adaptive Use for Programming Skills

Table 1

Overlap in brain activation across studies, as assessed using a conjunction analysis of reading, calculation, and programming. The major activation is shown with their corresponding Brodmann area (BA), the ALE value of the peak-activated voxel, and MNI coordinates. Statistical criteria were with 1000 permutations and a minimum volume of 200 mm³.

Task	Cluster	Peak coordinates			ALE	Hem.	Lobe	Region	BA
		Reading and calculation	1	-45.71						7.69	29.27	0.158	L	Frontal	Inferior frontal gyrus	9
(1000 permutations)		-47.97	23.91	19.01	0.123	L	Frontal	Middle frontal gyrus	46
		-47.7	0.41	45.51	0.094	L	Frontal	Precentral gyrus	6
		-31.02	24.75	0.9	0.094	L	Sublobar	Insula	13
	2	-28.27	-56.74	47.85	0.102	L	Parietal	Superior parietal lobule	7
		-45.45	-37.98	44.25	0.084	L	Parietal	Inferior parietal lobule	40
		-28.34	-72.92	31.37	0.079	L	Occipital	Precuneus	31
		-26.18	-70.45	35.6	0.078	L	Parietal	Precuneus	19
		5.73	13.94	50.46	0.122	R	Frontal	Superior frontal gyrus	6
		-4.97	13.7	48.37	0.121	L	Frontal	Superior frontal gyrus	6
		-2.69	-2.35	60.84	0.066	L	Frontal	Medial frontal gyrus	6
	4	31.57	-54.27	46.96	0.122	R	Parietal	Superior parietal lobule	7
	5	-43.69	-61.63	-14.01	0.11	L	Temporal	Fusiform gyrus	37
		-39.29	-80.12	-5.82	0.069	L	Occipital	Inferior occipital gyrus	19
	6	48.32	10.36	27.96	0.108	R	Frontal	Inferior frontal gyrus	9
		46.06	33.27	21.61	0.069	R	Frontal	Middle frontal gyrus	9
	7	35.23	22.86	-1.93	0.116	R	Sublobar	Insula	13
	8	-26.41	-92.56	-2.69	0.075	L	Occipital	Inferior occipital gyrus	18
	9	48.63	-34.79	49.59	0.073	R	Parietal	Inferior parietal lobule	40
	10	-26.24	-3	54.48	0.074	L	Frontal	Middle frontal gyrus	6
	11	33.41	-90.26	-5.8	0.064	R	Occipital	Inferior occipital gyrus	18
	12	37.48	-63.77	-21.45	0.065	R	Cerebellum	Posterior lobe
Programming and calculation	1	-30.3	-73.51	26.59	0.008	L	Occipital	Superior occipital gyrus	19
(1000 permutations)	2	-42.42	-2.78	36.85	0.008	L	Frontal	Precentral gyrus	6
	3	-50.51	27.49	29.75	0.011	L	Frontal	Middle frontal gyrus	46
	4	38.38	16.27	5.21	0.008	R	Sublobar	Insula	13
	5	47.78	2.84	42.27	0.007	R	Frontal	Precentral gyrus	6
	6	28.28	1.03	65.35	0.005	R	Frontal	Middle frontal gyrus	6
Programming and reading	1	-42.42	-2.78	36.85	0.008	L	Frontal	Precentral gyrus	6
(1000 permutations)	2	38.38	16.27	5.21	0.008	R	Sublobar	Insula	13
		44.44	22.14	12.05	0.006	R	Frontal	Inferior frontal gyrus	13
	3	-49.49	26.46	29.69	0.01	L	Frontal	Middle frontal gyrus	46
	4	-50.51	-53.54	-3.09	0.007	L	Temporal	Middle temporal gyrus	37
	5	46.46	4.22	41.58	0.006	R	Frontal	Middle frontal gyrus	9
	6	-10.1	-5.25	67.19	0.004	L	Frontal	Superior frontal gyrus	6
	7	-12.12	-3.09	65.13	0.003	L	Frontal	Medial frontal gyrus	6
	8	-56.57	-42.83	-12.01	0.003	L	Temporal	Middle temporal gyrus	20
	9	-58.59	-40.87	-9.51	0.003	L	Temporal	Middle temporal gyrus	21
	10	-6.06	-3.3	69.47	0.002	L	Frontal	Superior frontal gyrus	6