Research Article
Inhibitory Control Deficits in Children with Tic Disorders Revealed by Object-Hit-and-Avoid Task
Table 1
Participant demographic variables.
| | Controls () | Tic disorders group () | Tics without comorbid ADHD () | Tics with comorbid ADHD () |
| | Mean age (standard deviation) | 12.99 (4.10) | 12.38 (2.58) | 12.53 (2.70) | 12.38 (2.51) | | Left-hand dominant (percent of total) | 13/146 (8.9%) | 11/64 (17.19%) | 3/33 (9.09%) | 8/31 (25.81%) | | Male : female ratio (percent male of total) | 77 : 69 (52.74%) | 60 : 4 (93.75%) | 28 : 5 (84.85%) | 30 : 1 (96.77%) |
| | Comorbidities in tic disorders group | | Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | | 31/64 (48%) | | Obsessive-compulsive disorder | | 16/64 (25%) | 6/33 (18.18%) | 10/31 (32.26%) | | Generalized anxiety disorder | | 16/64 (25%) | 8/33 (24.24%) | 8/31 (25.81%) | | Depression | | 5/64 (7.8%) | 3/33 (9.09%) | 2/31 (6.45%) | | Autism spectrum disorder | | 5/64 (7.8%) | 1/33 (3.03%) | 4/31 (12.9%) |
| | Medications for tics in tic disorders group (number of participants and percentage of group) | | Aripiprazole | 5 (7.81%) | | Clonidine | 4 (6.25%) | | Guanfacine | 4 (6.25%) | | Risperidone | 1 (1.56%) | | Topiramate | 1 (1.56%) | | No medications for tics | 49 (76.56%) |
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