Strategies for Regenerating Striatal Neurons in the Adult Brain by Using Endogenous Neural Stem Cells

Table 1

Factors promoting the regeneration of neurons in the striatum. This table lists examples of interventions that could increase the proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells in the SVZ, enhance the migration of new neurons into the striatum, and promote their differentiation/maturation and survival, which could be promising strategies for replacing degenerated neurons with new ones derived from endogenous neural stem cells of the adult SVZ. SVZ, subventricular zone; RMS, rostral migratory stream; OB, olfactory bulb; TH, tyrosine hydroxylase; EGF, epidermal growth factor; FGF-2, fibroblast growth factor 2; TGF-α, transforming growth factor α; GDNF, glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor; SDF-1α, stromal cell-derived factor 1α; BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor; aCSF artificial cerebrospinal fluid; HI, hypoxic-ischemic cerebral injury; MCAO, middle cerebral artery occlusion; 6-OHDA, 6-hydrodopamine; MPTP, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydroxydropyridine; hNSCs, human neural stem cells; ESCs, embryonic stem cells.

Protein	Model	Technique	Function in neurogenesis	References
EGF	Intact	Infusion into the lateral ventricle using an osmotic pump	Proliferation of SVZ progenitors (18-fold increase compared with saline infusion group)	[69]
	Intact	Infusion into the lateral ventricle using an osmotic pump	Proliferation of SVZ progenitors (9.5-fold increase compared with aCSF infusion group)	[70]
	MCAO	Overexpression in the SVZ	Proliferation of SVZ progenitors (1.7-fold increase compared with control vector treatment group)	[64]
FGF-2	Intact	Infusion into the lateral ventricle using an osmotic pump	Proliferation of SVZ progenitors (2.4-fold increase compared with serum albumin infusion group)	[69]
	Intact	Infusion into the lateral ventricle using an osmotic pump	Proliferation of SVZ progenitors (3.3-fold increase compared with aCSF infusion group)	[70]
	MCAO	Infusion into the cisterna magna	Proliferation of SVZ progenitors (increase compared with vehicle treatment group)	[65]
Angiopoietin 2	6-OHDA	Infusion into the lateral ventricle	Proliferation of SVZ progenitors (increase compared with BSA treatment group)	[71]
TGF-α	Intact	Infusion into the lateral ventricle using an osmotic pump	Proliferation of SVZ progenitors (14-fold increase compared with albmin infusion group)	[69]
	6-OHDA	Infusion into the striatum using an osmotic pump	Proliferation of SVZ progenitors (increase compared with PBS infusion group)	[72]
	6-OHDA	Infusion into the striatum using an osmotic pump	Generation of neurons in the striatum (immature neuron, increase compared with aCSF infusion group)	[73]
GDNF	MCAO	Infusion into the striatum using an osmotic pump	Generation of neurons in the striatum (immature neuron, 1.86-fold; mature neuron, 1.2-fold, increase compared with PBS treatment group)	[66]
SDF-1α	HI		Migration of implanted hNSCs toward the injured area in ischemic brain slice (increase)	[57]
Tenascin-R	Intact	Tenascin-R expressing cell implantation into the striatum	Migration of SVZ new neurons toward the striatum (4-fold increase compared with the Tenascin nonexpression cell implanted group)	[74]
	Quinolic acid	TNR-expressing ESCs implantation into the striatum	Migration of SVZ new neurons into the striatum (increase compared with TNR-nonexpression ESCs implanted group)	[75]
BDNF	Intact	Infusion into the lateral ventricle using an osmotic pump	Generation of neurons in the OB (increase compared with PBS infusion group)	[76]
	Intact	Infusion into the lateral ventricle using an osmotic pump	Generation of neurons in the striatum (increase compared with PBS infusion group)	[77]
	R6/2	Overexpression in the SVZ	Generation of neurons in the striatum (21-fold increase compared with saline group)	[68]