Coronary Spasm in Neurosurgical Patients and Role of Trigeminocardiac Reflex

Table 2

Risk factors related to coronary artery spasm and trigeminal-cardiac reflex.

Coronary artery spasm	Trigeminal-cardiac reflex
Common factors
Hyperventilation
Hypoxemia
Light plane of anesthesia
Preexisting vagal tone
Sympathomimetics	Opioids
Withdrawn of B-blockers/CCBs	Use of B-blockers/CCBs
Use of suxamethonium
Hypotension
Female gender?
Postmenopausal

CCB: calcium channel blocker.