Prevalence and Correlates of HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND) in Northwestern Nigeria
Table 3
Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of HIV-positive individuals across the HAND categories.
Characteristics
AAN-defined HAND categories, (%)
Statistical value‡
Unimpaired
ANI
MND
HAD
19 (24)
33 (41)
17 (21)
11 (14)
Age, (years)
36.89 (8.32)
36.97 (8.77)
36.35 (10.09)
36.55 (10.10)
Gender, (%)
Male Female
12 (63) 7 (37)
19 (57.6) 14 (42.4)
8 (47.1) 9 (52.9)
5 (45.5) 6 (54.5)
Education, (years)
13.79 (2.57)
12.15 (4.09)
12.29 (3.98)
8.00 (5.44)
AIDS, (%)
Yes No
7 (37) 12 (63)
16 (48.5) 17 (51.5)
8 (47.1) 9 (52.9)
7 (63.6) 4 (36.4)
Karnofsky score†
100 (80–100)
90 (50–100)
90 (70–100)
80 (50–80)
CPE score, (%)
≤2 >2
6 (54.5) 5 (45.5)
10 (58.8) 7 (41.2)
6 (60) 4 (40)
0 (0) 2 (100)
Current CD4 count†
182 (72–1226)
294 (19–926)
378 (51–861)
143 (14–675)
Nadir CD4 count
<200 ≥200
7 (63.6) 4 (36.4)
12 (70.6) 5 (29.4)
8 (80) 2 (20)
1 (50) 1 (50)
Viral load (log10)†
2.6 (2.6–5.9)
2.6 (2.6–4.9)
5.5 (2.6–5.8)
2.6 (2.6–6.0)
Haemoglobin (g/dL)†
11.5 (9.2–12.6)
10.9 (7.7–13.8)
10.6 (7.7–13.2)
9.0 (4.4–11.1)
BDI score
13.74 (9.60)
8.85 (7.65)
12.59 (8.16)
16.27 (7.98)
ANI, asymptomatic neurocognitive impairment; AAN, American Academy of Neurology; AIDS, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CDC, Center for Disease Control and Classification; CPE, CNS penetrating effectiveness; HAD, HIV-associated dementia; IQR, Interquartile Range; MND, mild neurocognitive disorder. Mean (SD). †Median (IQR). ‡Continuous variables analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Kruskal-Wallis test as appropriate.
