Leptomeningeal Contrast Enhancement Is Associated with Disability Progression and Grey Matter Atrophy in Multiple Sclerosis

Table 3

Brain morphometry analysis according to the LMCE status.

	LMCE-negative group,; (59%)	LMCE-positive group,; (41%)	Unadjusted value	Adjusted value; Effect of LMCE
NBV			0.0462	0.369
NTotalGMV			0.2117	0.043
NWMV			0.0468	0.180
NCV			0.2429	0.043
TotalVentV			0.0168	0.039
Thalamus			0.3277	0.051
Caudate			0.4656	0.363
Putamen			0.1059	0.229
Pallidum			0.3082	0.759
Hippocampus			0.4675	0.224
Brainstem			0.5965	0.40
WM hypointensities			0.0509	0.267
T2-LV			0.1236	0.254

LMCE: leptomeningeal contrast enhancement; NBV: normalized brain volume; NTotalGMV: normalized total grey matter volume; NWMV: normalized white matter volume; NCV: normalized cortical volume; TotalVentV: total ventricular volume (combined volumes of lateral, 3rd, and 4th ventricles); WM hypointensities: white matter hypointensities (“black holes”), T2-LV: volume of T2 lesions. Data for brain structures estimates are presented as mean ± SD in millilitres. Significant differences are depicted in bold.