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| Author | c-EVD | c-EVD with pp- Abx | c-EVD prolonged ABx | ac-EVD with pp-ABx | ac-EVD prolonged ABx | p-value between groups in each respective study | Conclusion | Definition of infection | Sampling rate | Type of study | Time Frame |
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| Albano SD et al | | | 3/107 (3%) | | | | | Infection – positive CSF culture with sensitivity | Clinical suspicion | Retrospective review | Jan 2010 - Dec 2015 |
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| Wong GK et al [4] | | | 3/94 (3%) | 1/90 (1%) | | 0.282 | “Antibiotic impregnated catheters are as effective as systemic antibiotics in the prevention of CSF infection and their corresponding nosocomial infection rates are not statistically different” | Infection – positive CSF bacterial culture with CSF white cell count > 10/mm3, CSF protein level > 0.8g/L and CSF to serum glucose ratio <0.4 | CSF collected every 5 days on evidence of clinical sepsis | Randomized trial | Apr 2004 - Dec 2008 |
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| Abla AA et al [5] | | | | 0/64 vs 0/65 (0%) | | | “These results support the use of antibiotic impregnated EVD catheters in routine clinical practice” due to “comparison with reported mean of nearly 9% for standard EVD catheters” | Infection – positive CSF cultures (same organism grown on two different media or on same medium twice) | CSF collected twice weekly Mondays and Thursdays | Prospective sequential series trial | Jan 2007 – June 2008 |
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| Poon WS et al [16] | | 12/113 (11%) | 3/115 (3%) | | | 0.01 | “antibiotic regimen against both Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria was effective in preventing ventriculostomy related sepsis caused by common pathogens” | Infection – CSF culture and/or CSF white cell count >50/mm3 | Unknown sampling frequency. Catheter changed every 5 days | Randomized trial | Oct 1993 – Sep 195 |
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| Wyler AR et al [17] | 7/26 (27%) | | 4/44 (9%) | | | “chi square and t-tests of significance (with alpha level at 0.05) show statistically different infection rates between the two groups” | “If on the other hand, the anticipated duration of ventriculostomy is more than 3 days or CSF viscosity is usually high, prophylactic antibiotics should be used” | Infection – not defined however organism identified by culture | CSF collected upon insertion and removal | Retrospective review | Jan-1963 – Jan 1969 |
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| Blomstedt GC et al [11] | 1/27 (4%) | | 1/25 (4%) | | | 0.51 (p calculated from data reported) | No conclusion specific to antibiotic with EVD as data to the left was part of a secondary outcome measure | Infection – not defined however organism identified by culture | Timing and frequency of CSF sample not described | Double blind randomized trial | Apr 1980 – Jun 1983 |
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| Wright K et al [12] | | | 12/51 (24%) | | 2/47 (4%) | 0.0265 | “Rates of VRIs (ventriculostomy related infections) have decreased with the addition of ac-EVDs to the routine use of prolonged systemic antibiotics at the author’s institution | Infection – clinical signs and symptoms of infection, abnormal CSF parameters and a positive CSF culture | CSF sample when clinically indicated | Retrospective review | Feb 2007 – Nov 2009 |
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| Zabramski JM et al [14] | | | 13/139 (9%) | | 2/149 (1%) | 0.002 (chi-square test) | “The use of EVD catheters impregnated with minocycline and rifampin can significantly reduce the risk of catheter related infections” | Infection – positive CSF cultures (same organism on two different media or same medium twice) | CSF collected at time of insertion, every 72 hours and on removal | Multicenter prospective, randomized controlled trial | Dec 1998 – Mar 2001 |
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| Pople I et al [15] | | | 5/181 (3%) | | 4/176 (2%) | 1.0 | “AI-EVD (antibiotic impregnated) catheters were not associated with risk reduction in EVD infection compared to standard catheters” | Infection – CSF sample demonstrate positive gram stain that was culture positive in agar growth | CSF sample at time of insertion, day 3 post implant, catheter removal, time of suspected infection | Multicenter, international, prospective, randomized open label trial | Nov 2004 – Sep 2010 |
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| Alleyne Jr CH et al [18] | | 4/99 (4%) | 8/209 (4%) | | | 0.242 (Fisher exact test calculated using data reported) | “use of continuous prophylactic antibiotics offers no benefit over periprocedural dosing alone” | Infection – positive CSF cultures | CSF sampled at time of insertion and twice weekly | Retrospective review | Jan 1996 – Jun 1997 |
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