Participation in Decision Making as a Property of Complex Adaptive Systems: Developing and Testing a Measure

Table 4

Study II: Final confirmatory factor model loadings^a and statistics using the Scope and Intensity items of the PDM scales (𝑁=195).

(a) Registered nurse participation in decision making

	Decision type
	(1)		(2)		(3)		(4)
	Strategic operations		Strategic marketing		Tactical core functions		Tactical support functions
	Scope	Intensity	Scope	Intensity	Scope	Intensity	Scope	Intensity
Decision 1: depth	0.70		0.90		0.91		0.59
Decision 2: depth	0.84		0.90		0.77		0.75
Decision 3: depth	0.92		0.88		0.85		0.86
Decision 1: breadth	0.74		0.88		0.90		0.67
Decision 2: breadth	0.87		0.91		0.72		0.90
Decision 3: breadth	0.94		0.90		0.87		0.95
Decision 1: activities		0.56		0.82		0.81		0.67
Decision 2: activities		0.85		0.81		0.75		0.72
Decision 3: activities		0.86		0.81		0.83		0.76
Decision 1: mechanisms		0.67		0.82		0.51		0.58
Decision 2: mechanisms		0.72		0.84		0.67		0.67
Decision 3: mechanisms		0.76		0.87		0.69		0.81
Interfactor correlation:	0.75		0.71		0.34		0.40
model chi-square/𝑃 (df = 35)	143.0/<0.001		164.5/0.001		133.8/0.001		157.8/<0.001
Fit indices
Bentler & Bonett normed index	0.95		0.95		0.95		0.94
Bentler & Bonett nonnormed index	0.93		0.93		0.93		0.91
Bollen normed index	0.91		0.91		0.95		0.88
Bollen nonnormed index	0.96		0.96		0.96		0.95

(b) Certified nurse assistant participation in decision making

	Decision type
	(5)		(6)		(7)		(8)
	Strategic operations		Strategic marketing		Tactical core functions		Tactical support functions
	Scope	Intensity	Scope	Intensity	Scope	Intensity	Scope	Intensity
Decision 1: depth	0.78		0.84		0.78		0.59
Decision 2: depth	0.90		0.84		0.73		0.77
Decision 3: depth	0.83		0.77		0.79		0.73
Decision 1: breadth	0.80		0.84		0.74		0.64
Decision 2: breadth	0.93		0.79		0.76		0.83
Decision 3: breadth	0.87		0.75		0.79		0.77
Decision 1: activities		0.74		0.81		0.75		0.69
Decision 2: activities		0.87		0.80		0.75		0.75
Decision 3: activities		0.85		0.83		0.73		0.84
Decision 1: mechanisms		0.79		0.86		0.73		0.70
Decision 2: mechanisms		0.88		0.77		0.73		0.78
Decision 3: mechanisms		0.88		0.73		0.75		0.76
Interfactor correlation:	0.79		88		0.83		0.87
model chi-square/𝑃 (df = 35)	74.8/<0.001		127.6/0.001		155.1/0.001		176.2/0.001
Fit indices
Bentler & Bonett normed index	0.97		0.95		0.93		0.93
Bentler & Bonett nonnormed index	0.97		0.93		0.90		0.89
Bollen normed index	0.95		0.91		0.88		0.86
Bollen nonnormed index	0.96		0.97		0.95		0.94

  aAll factor loadings and interfactor correlations significant at 𝑃<.0001.