Symptomatology and Coping Resources Predict Self-Care Behaviors in Middle to Older Age Patients with Heart Failure

Table 1

Sample characteristics and mean self-care score.

		%	Mean score on EHFScBS-9 ± SD
Gender
Male	126	62.7	26 ± 7
Female	75	37.3	25 ± 8
Age group
55–64 years	37	18.4	25 ± 8
65–74 years	81	40.3	25 ± 8
75–84 years	60	29.9	26 ± 7
Older than 85 years	23	11.4	29 ± 8
Marital status
Married or living with; significant other	117	58.2	25 ± 7
Single, divorced, widowed	84	41.8%	26 ± 8
Race
Nonminority	173	86.1	26 ± 8
Minority	28	13.9	22 ± 6
Annual income
Under $30,000	34	16.9	25 ± 7
$30,000–$50,000	66	32.8	26 ± 8
$50,000–$75,000	61	30.3	24 ± 8
$75,000–$100,000	34	16.9	27 ± 7
Over $100,000	4	2.0	28 ± 12
Highest level of education
No HS diploma	22	10.9	24 ± 7
HS diploma	50	24.9	26 ± 7
Some college or certification; course	46	22.9	25 ± 8
Bachelor’s degree	63	31.3	26 ± 8
Graduate degree	20	10.0	25 ± 9
NYHA HF Classification
I	39	19.4	23 ± 8
II	95	47.3	26 ± 8
III	23	11.4	25 ± 6
IV	44	21.9	28 ± 7
Length of time since HF diagnosis
1 year	19	9.5	24 ± 7
1–5 years	54	26.9	25 ± 7
5–10 years	58	28.9	27 ± 8
10–15 years	34	16.9	25 ± 9
15 years	36	17.9	27 ± 7

Notes: HS: high school; NYHA: New York Heart Association; HF: heart failure.