Research Article
Spousal Presence as a Nonpharmacological Pain Management during Childbirth: A Pilot Study
Table 2
Characteristics of participants.
| | Variables | Midwives
() | Parturient
() | Spouses
() |
| | Age | | | | | 20–24 | 2 | 3 | — | | 25–30 | 3 | 4 | 1 | | 31–35 | — | 3 | 5 | | 35–40 | 4 | — | 3 | | 41–45 | 1 | — | 1 | | Gender | | | | | Male | — | — | 10 | | Female | 10 | 10 | — | | Educational qualification | | | | | Secondary school | — | 5 | 2 | | Vocational school | — | 1 | 1 | | Vocational nursing school | 1 | — | — | | General nursing school | 8 | — | — | | University (B.S. or M.S.) | 1 | 4 | 6 | | Occupation | | | | | Nurse/midwife | 10 | — | — | | Accountant | — | — | 1 | | Lawyer | — | — | 1 | | Driver | — | — | 1 | | Sociologist | — | — | 1 | | Civil servant | — | — | 2 | | Architect | — | — | 1 | | Artist | — | — | 1 | | Businessman | — | — | 2 | | Midwifery professional position | | | | | Registered nurse/midwife | 2 | — | — | | Nursing officer II | 4 | — | — | | Principal nursing officer | 2 | — | — | | Matron | 2 | — | — | | Midwifery work experience (years) | | | | | 1–5 | 4 | — | — | | 6–10 | 1 | — | — | | 11–15 | 2 | — | — | | 16–20 | 3 | — | — | | Ethnicity | | | | | Igbo | 3 | 4 | 6 | | Yoruba | 4 | — | 1 | | Hausa | 1 | 2 | 1 | | Minority | 2 | 4 | 2 | | Religion | | | | | Christian | 10 | 4 | 10 | | Muslim | — | 2 | — | | Traditional religion | — | 4 | — | | Marital status | | | | | Married | 10 | 9 | 9 | | Divorced | — | 1 | 1 |
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