Psychological Distress in Healthy Low-Risk First-Time Mothers during the Postpartum Period: An Exploratory Study

Table 4

Comparison of PSS₁₀ mean scores of new mothers in this study (, ) to PSS₁₀ mean scores reported in the literature.

Study	N and sample	PSS10 scores
Walker et al., (2012)		Scores from the Walker et al. were higher than in our study
	Overweight, low-income postpartum women	(i) White/Anglo (, )
	(i) White/Anglo (n = 23)	(ii) African American (, )
	(ii) African American (n = 25)	(iii) Hispanic (, )
	(iii) Hispanic (n = 23)
Osman et al., (2014)		Scores from the Osman et al. study were higher than in our study
	(i) Healthy first-time mothers in Beirut, Lebanon	,
Cohen and Janicki-Deverts, (2012)		Scores from the Cohen and Janicki-Deverts study were lower than in our study
	Healthy women in a general population of females in the US	(i) 2006 (, )
	(i) 2006 (n = 1034)	(ii) 2009 (, )
	(ii) 2009 (n = 1032)
Chaaya et al., (2010)		Scores from the Chaaya et al. study were higher than in our study
	(i) Pregnant women (n = 113)	(i) Pregnant women ( = 18.0, = 5.7)
	(ii) Postpartum women (n = 97)	(ii) Postpartum women ( = 18.3, = 4.8)
	(iii) Healthy, university students, nongravid, nonmothers (n = 58)	(iii) University women ( = 20.3,   = 4.8)
	(iv) Arabic speaking women in Beirut, Lebanon