Prevalence and Severity of Menopausal Symptoms and the Quality of Life in Middle-aged Women: A Study from Sri Lanka
Table 1
Characteristics of pre and postmenopausal women (n=350).
Characteristics
Sub category
Premenopausal women (n=184) Mean (SD) or Frequency (%)
Postmenopausal women (n=166) Mean (SD) or Frequency (%)
P value
Sociodemographic characteristics
Age (years)
46.1(3.74)
55.8(3.80)
<0.001
Ethnicity
Sinhala
171 (92.9)
160(96.4)
0.11
Non Sinhala
13 (7.1)
6(3.6)
Employment status
Employed
58(31.5)
49(29.3)
0.38
Non employed
126(68.5)
118(70.7)
Civil status
Married
169(91.8)
125(74.9)
<0.001
Single or widowed or divorced
15(8.2)
42(25.1)
Living companion
With husband and children
134(72.8)
103(61.6)
0.003
With Husband or Children
16(8.6)
35(21.0)
Alone or Others
34(18.5)
29(17.4)
Education status
Primary education
37(20.1)
46(27.6)
0.12
Secondary education
68(37.0)
64(38.3)
Upper secondary education, degree or diploma
79(42.9)
57(34.1)
Monthly income
Below 20000 LKR
92(50.0)
125(74.8)
<0.001
Above 20000 LKR
92(50.0)
42(25.2)
Gynecologic factors
Age at menopause (years)
-
48.3(3.98)
-
Time since menopause (years)
-
7.4(5.04)
-
Parity
Nulliparous
12(6.5)
23(13.9)
0.02
1-3 children
152(82.6)
97(58.4)
4-7 children
20(10.9)
46(27.7)
Modes of deliveries
None
12(6.5)
23(13.9)
0.006
NVD
109(59.2)
110(66.3)
LSCS
40(21.7)
23(13.9)
NVD and LSCS
23(12.5)
10(6.0)
Other evaluated variables
Weight (kg)
58.0(9.8)
57.0(11.9)
0.44
Height (m)
1.5(0.1)
1.49(0.1)
<0.001
WC (cm)
82.5(9.8)
83.3(12.3)
0.50
HC (cm)
97.0(8.5)
98.7(10.1)
0.09
WHR
0.84(0.1)
0.84(0.1)
0.47
BMI (kg/m2)
24.98(4.02)
25.98(4.56)
0.37
Walking score (MET/min/week)
829.21(186.74)
580.28(156.89)
0.01
Moderate physical activities score (MET/min/week)
4868.04(574.20)
4770.12(857.01)
0.20
Vigorous physical activities score (MET/min/week)
1785.21(1784.93)
2297.59(1917.41)
0.01
Total physical activity score (MET/min/week)
7482.51(2400.03)
7648.03(2534.65)
0.53
SD=standard deviation, NVD=normal vaginal deliveries, LSCS=lower segment caesarian section, BMI=body mass index, WC=waist circumference, HC=hip circumference, WHR=waist to hip ratio 150 LKR = 1 USD (LKR=Sri Lankan rupees) Primary education= grade 1-10, secondary education=GCE ordinary level Differences between two groups were compared with independent sample t test and chi square test.
