Spatial Distribution and Determinants of Nonautonomy on Decision Regarding Contraceptive Utilization among Married Reproductive-Age Women in Ethiopia: Spatial and Bayesian Multilevel Analysis
Table 4
Bayesian multilevel multivariable logistic regression of the individual- and community-related variables associated with women’s nonautonomy on contraceptive utilization, Ethiopia, 2016.
Variables
Women’s autonomy
No
Yes
SD
MCSE
Model II AOR (95%)
Model III AOR (95%)
Model IV AOR (95%)
Age (years)
15–24 years
600 (78.7)
162 (21.3)
—
—
1
—
1
25–34 years
1040 (76.1)
326 (23.9)
0.077
0.009
0.74 (0.60,0.90)
0.85 (0.68, 1.03)
35–49 years
614 (72.1)
238 (27.9)
0.48 (0.36,0.61)
0.63 (0.54, 0.72)
Religion
Orthodox
1189 (75.0)
397 (25.0)
—
1
Protestant
512 (80.3)
126 (19.7)
0.123
0.015
1.32 (1.10,1.57)
0.89 (0.58, 1.37)
Muslim
523 (72.6)
197 (27.4)
0.065
0.012
0.81 (0.69,0.95)
0.62 (0.42, 1.95)
Others+
30 (83.3)
6 (16.7)
0.154
0.023
1.53 (1.25,1.85)
0.56 (0.18, 1.22)
Age at 1st marriage
<18 years
1317 (76.1)
414 (23.9)
—
1
≥18 years
937 (75.0)
312 (25.0)
0.084
0.016
0.48 (0.22,0.65)
0.33 (0.19,0.57)
Respondent’s educational status
No education
954 (75.2)
315 (24.8)
—
Primary
792 (76.5)
244 (23.5)
0.074
0.006
1.03 (0.89,1.18)
Secondary and above
508 (75.3)
167 (24.7)
0.09
0.015
1.09 (0.91,1.29)
Husband’s educational status
No education
683 (74.1)
239 (25.9)
—
Primary
888 (77.8)
253 (22.1)
0.732
0.012
1.05 (0.91,1.20)
Secondary and above
683 (74.5)
234 (25.5)
0.108
0.024
0.90 (0.72,1.13)
Husband’s occupation
Unemployed
1121 (74.5)
384 (25.5)
—
Employed
1133 (76.8)
342 (23.2)
0.072
0.009
1.20 (1.06,1.36)
Wealth index
Poor
532 (74.5)
182 (25.5)
1
Middle
368 (78.8)
99 (21.2)
0.063
0.011
0.32 (0.09,1.56)
0.21 (0.01,1.10)
Rich
1354 (75.3)
445 (24.7)
0.078
0.014
0.23 (0.05,0.44)
0.12 (0.03,0.26)
Media exposure
No
1016 (77.1)
301 (22.8)
—
Yes
1238 (74.4)
425 (25.6)
0.099
0.014
0.89 (0.72,1.11)
Number of living children
≤2
1154 (75.2)
380 (24.8)
1
>2
1100 (76.1)
346 (23.9)
0.130
0.014
1.14 (1.19,1.72)
1.32 (0.98, 1.62)
Residence
Urban
803 (71.2)
325 (28.8)
1
1
Rural
1451 (78.3)
401 (21.6)
0.35
0.024
1.61 (1.06,2.45)
1.34 (1.01, 1.71)
Region
Large central
1357 (77.5)
393 (22.5)
—
1
1
Small peripheral
408 (79.5)
105 (20.5)
0.195
0.029
1.13 (0.79,1.56)
1.16 (0.92,1.44)
Metropolitan
489 (68.2)
228 (31.8)
0.107
0.012
0.62 (0.42,0.86)
0.71 (0.54,0.91)
Community media exposure
Low
1149 (77.8)
327 (22.2)
0.167
0.022
—
1
—
High
1105 (73.5)
399 (26.5)
1.02 (0.74,1.42)
Community-level women’s illiteracy
Low illiteracy
1154 (77.4)
336 (22.6)
1
High illiteracy
1100 (73.8)
390 (26.2)
0.171
0.017
1.17 (0.85,1.57)
Community poverty status
Low
1094 (74.2)
381 (25.8)
1
High
1160 (77.1)
345 (22.9)
0.125
0.011
0.76 (0.56,1.05)
Statistically significant variables at 95% confidence interval. Others+ = catholic, traditional, and other EDHS categories.
