|
| Author | Year | Country | No. of women | Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | Age | Type of pessary | Pregnancy outcome | Neonatal outcome | Pessary removal | Side effects of pessary |
|
| Forster | 1986 | Germany | 242 | Not clearly stated | Not clearly stated |
Mean age pessary:
26.6 sd 6.13
Mean age cerclage:
26.3 sd 4.22 | Stützpessary | Pessary versus control mean GA at delivery: 35.15–37.57 weeks | Pessary versus control birthweight:
3097.9 versus 3062.7 g
Neonatal mortality:
0 (0%) versus 1 (0.89%) | Not stated | Not stated |
|
| Gmoser | 1991 | Germany | 300 |
Women with cervical changes (with or without contractions), history of cervical incompetence, twin pregnancies or a previous pregnancy with a cerclage | Not clearly stated | Not clearly stated | Stutzpessary | Pessary versus control median GA at delivery:
39–36 weeks | Pessary versus control birthweight:
2950–2400 gram | Not stated | Not stated |
|
| Goya | 2012 | Spain | 385 | Singleton pregnancies CL <25 mm at 18–22 weeks |
Major fetal abnormalities
Regular uterine contractions
Active vaginal bleeding
Ruptured membranes placenta praevia
History of cone biopsy cervical Cerclage in situ | 18–43 years | Arabin | Pessary versus control
delivery <28 weeks:
4 (2%)–16 (8%)
delivery <34 weeks:
12 (6%)–53 (28%)
delivery <37 weeks:
41 (22%)–113 (59%)
mean GA at delivery:
37.7–34.9 weeks | Pessary versus control
composite adverse outcome:
5 (3%)–30 (16%)
birthweight < 1500 g:
9 (5%)–26 (14%)
birthweight < 2500 g:
17 (9%)–56 (29%) | 37 weeks of gestation
Risk of PTB with persistent
Contractions despite tocolysis
Vaginal bleeding
Patient discomfort | All women had increased vaginal discharge |
|
| Hui | 2012 | China | 108 | Singleton pregnancies
CL <25 mm at 18–22 weeks |
Major fetal abnormalities
Regular uterine contractions
History cervical incompetence
Ruptured membranes
multiple gestation
Cervical dilatation
Cervical cerclage:
current or previous pregnancy | 22–44 years | Arabin | Pessary versus control
delivery <28 weeks:
2 (3.8%)–3 (5.5%)
delivery <34 weeks:
5 (9.4%)–3 (5.5%)
delivery <37 weeks:
8 (15.1%)–10 (18.2%)
mean GA at delivery:
38.1–37.8 weeks | Pessary versus control
Clinical sepsis:
3 (5.7%)–5 (9.4%)
Jaundice:
15 (28.3%)–14 (26.4%)
RDS:
5 (9.4%)–2 (3.8%)
IVH:
0 (0%)–1 (1.9%)
NICU admission:
21 (39.6%)–17 (32.1%) | 37 weeks of gestation
Ruptured membranes
Vaginal bleeding
Painful contractions | 25 (47%) increased discharge
4 (8%) pressure sensations
2 (4%) dislodge pessary
1 (2%) vaginal bleeding
1 (2%) pain
1 (2%) urine retention |
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