Comparison of Perinatal Outcome of Preterm Births Starting in Primary Care versus Secondary Care in Netherlands: A Retrospective Analysis of Nationwide Collected Data

Table 3

Unadjusted and adjusted^* odds ratios (OR) for 5-minute Apgar score ≤4 and perinatal mortality (GA 25⁺⁰–36⁺⁶).

Characteristics	Apgar score ≤4 after 5 minutes			Mortality intrapartum and ≤7 dgn postpartum
GA 25^+0–36^+6   52397	(%)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	(%)	Unadjusted OR (95% CI)	Adjusted OR (95% CI)
Parturition	805 (1.54)			575 (1.1)
Onset and delivery in primary care	94 (0.18)	1.25 (1.00–1.56)	1.95 (1.53–2.48)	58 (0.11)	1.02 (0.77–1.34)	1.65 (1.20–2.27)
Onset primary and delivery in sec. care	158 (0.3)	0.48 (0.40–0.57)	0.89 (0.74–1.08)	99 (0.19)	0.40 (0.32–0.49)	0.86 (0.67–1.09)
Onset and delivery in secondary care	553 (1.06)	Reference	Reference	418 (0.8)	Reference	Reference
Maternal age
<25 years		1.38 (1.11–1.70)	1.11 (0.88–1.40)		1.44 (1.12–1.86)	1.14 (0.85–1.52)
25–29 years		Reference	Reference		Reference	Reference
30–34 years		1.08 (0.90–1.29)	1.02 (0.85–1.27)		1.13 (0.92–1.40)	1.06 (0.84–1.34)
≥35 years		1.40 (1.14–1.72)	1.10 (0.88–1.38)		1.50 (1.18–1.91)	1.08 (0.81–1.42)
Parity
0		0.78 (0.66–0.92)	0.74 (0.62–0.88)		0.80 (0.66–0.97)	0.74 (0.60–0.93)
1		Reference	Reference		Reference	Reference
2+		1.46 (1.2–1.8)	1.19 (0.95–1.48)		1.46 (1.2–1.8)	1.43 (1.10–1.87)
Ethnicity
European white		Reference	Reference		Reference	Reference
Non-European white		1.36 (1.14–1.61)	0.88 (0.72–1.07)		1.27 (1.03–1.56)	0.69 (0.53–0.89)
Socioeconomic status
High		Reference	Reference		Reference	Reference
Medium		1.11 (0.92–1.33)	1.07 (0.88–1.38)		1.04 (0.84–1.28)	0.98 (0.77–1.24)
Low		1.29 (1.05–1.57)	1.09 (0.87–1.35)		1.15 (0.91–1.46)	0.95 (0.73–1.25)
Fetal sex
Female		Reference	Reference		Reference	Reference
Male		0.94 (0.81–1.08)	0.89 (0.77–1.04)		0.95 (0.81–1.12)

Adjusted for onset and location of delivery, maternal age, parity before study delivery, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, fetal sex, and gestational age.