Research Article

Effect of Umbilical Cord Entanglement and Position on Pregnancy Outcomes

Table 2

Comparison of pregnancy outcomes between the 3 groups.

No nuchal cordNuchal neck cordsNuchal body cords value

Mode of delivery
 Spontaneous vaginal delivery4110 (86.8%)1248 (86.0%)105 (85.4%)
 Instrumental delivery298 (6.3%)89 (6.1%)7 (5.7%)0.868
 Cesarean delivery325 (6.9%)114 (7.9%)11 (8.9%)0.605
Excessively long umbilical cord54 (1.1%)403 (27.8%)25 (20.3%)<0.01
Umbilical cord length (cm)53.7 ± 8.664.1 ± 11.261.0 ± 10.8
Apgar score at 1 min <780 (1.7%)41 (2.8%)6 (4.9%)0.002
Apgar score at 5 min <79 (0.2%)6 (0.4%)3 (2.4%)<0.01
UApH <7.1058 (1.2%)24 (1.6%)5 (4.1%)
7.30 ± 0.0707.29 ± 0.0717.28 ± 0.0750.024
Birth weight (g)3053 ± 3663019 ± 3693008 ± 3610.004
Birth height (cm)48.9 ± 1.948.8 ± 2.148.8 ± 2.00.261

UApH: umbilical artery pH.