Are There Differences in the Anthropometric, Hemodynamic, Hematologic, and Biochemical Profiles between Late- and Early-Onset Preeclampsia?

Table 1

Comparisons of the values of variables from normotensive pregnant women and pregnant women with late-onset preeclampsia (LOPE) and early-onset preeclampsia (EOPE) at the third trimester of pregnancy.

Variables	Normotensive	LOPE	EOPE
Maternal age (y)^†	25.0 ± 10.5 (28)	26.0 ± 14.0 (23)	27.0 ± 10.0 (13)
Weight gain (kg)^§	10.0 ± 3.0 (26)^a	20.0 ± 7.0 (9)^a,b	14.0 ± 5.0 (5)^b
BMI (pregestational) (kg/m^2)^§	24.2 ± 5.3 (27)	25.16 ± 10.3 (10)	23.3 ± 5.5 (7)
BMI (kg/m^2)^§	29.2 ± 5.1 (27)^a	32.0 ± 8.4 (13)^a	29.7 ± 6.2 (6)
Gestational age (w)^§	40.0 ± 1.0 (29)^a,b	38.0 ± 2.0 (20)^b,c	31.5 ± 4.0 (13)^a,c
Birth weight (kg)^§	3.5 ± 0.5 (28)^a,b	2.9 ± 0.6 (22)^b,c	1.8 ± 0.9 (11)^a,c
Growth centile (%)
<10	0% (0)	4.3% (1)	23.1% (3)
10–50	21.0% (6)	39.1% (9)	38.5% (5)
50–90	65.5% (19)	39.1% (9)	7.7% (1)
>90	10.3% (3)	4.3% (1)	15.4% (2)
Unknown	3.4% (1)	13.0% (3)	15.4% (2)
Placenta weight (g)^§	590.0 ± 80.0 (28)^a	512.5 ± 160.0 (22)^b	337.5 ± 200.0 (12)^a,b
SBP (mmHg)^§	120.0 ± 10.0 (28)^a,b	150.0 ± 30.0 (23)^a	150.0 ± 20.0 (13)^b
DBP (mmHg)^§	70.0 ± 10.0 (28)^a,b	100 ± 20.0 (23)^a	100.0 ± 10.0 (13)^b
RBC (10^6 cells/mm^3)^†	4.15 ± 0.57 (29)^a	4.08 ± 0.44 (22)	3.78 ± 0.68 (13)^a
Ht (%)^†	34.6 ± 3.8 (29)	34.7 ± 5.6 (22)	33.2 ± 3.8 (13)
Hb (g/dL)^†	12.0 ± 1.5 (29)	11.8 ± 1.8 (22)	11.3 ± 1.3 (13)
MCV (fL)^§	85.3 ± 6.4 (29)	82.9 ± 8.9 (21)	87.3 ± 6.1 (13)
MCH (pg)^§	29.5 ± 2.7 (29)	27.9 ± 3.7 (21)	29.8 ± 2.7 (13)
MCHC (g/dL)^§	34.1 ± 1.6 (29)	33.8 ± 1.5 (21)	33.9 ± 2.3 (13)
RDW (%)^§	13.3 ± 1.3 (29)	14.0 ± 1.9 (21)	13.0 ± 1.3 (13)
Rtc index (%)^§	1.1 ± 1.4 (27)^a	1.4 ± 1.1 (21)	1.7 ± 1.6 (11)^a
Plt (10^3 cells/mm^3)^§	229.0 ± 7.0 (29)^a	213.5 ± 102 (22)^b	141.0 ± 52.0 (13)^a,b
MPV (fL)^§	11.0 ± 2.0 (29)	10.2 ± 2.4 (21)	10.0 ± 2.3 (13)
t-C (mg/dL)^§	219.2 ± 65.0 (27)	198.0 ± 59.0 (19)	227.0 ± 61.9 (12)
HDL-C (mg/dL)^§	59.8 ± 28 (27)	59.9 ± 13.3 (21)	60.3 ± 20.5 (12)
VLDL-C (mg/dL)^§	40.0 ± 16.0 (28)	40.5 ± 19.8 (16)	47.0 ± 31.2 (11)
LDL-C (mg/dL)^§	131.5 ± 63.3 (28)	106.0 ± 54.0 (17)	113.5 ± 66.3 (11)
TGC (mg/dL)^§	203.0 ± 111.0 (28)	210.0 ± 128.0 (17)	238.0 ± 121.8 (12)
Proteinuria (0^+)	100.0% (29)^a,b	31.3% (5)^a	0% (0)^b
Proteinuria (1^+)	0% (0)	18.8% (3)	22.2% (2)
Proteinuria (2^+)	0% (0)	37.5% (6)	44.4% (4)
Proteinuria (3^+)	0% (0)	12.5% (2)	11.1% (1)
Proteinuria (4^+)	0% (0)	0% (0)	22.2% (2)
Proteinuria (unknown)	0% (0)	30.4% (7)	30.7% (4)
ALT (U/L)^§	14.9 ± 2.9 (29)^a,b	17.0 ± 11.0 (23)^a	27.0 ± 27.7 (13)^b
AST (U/L)^§	9.0 ± 3.2 (28)^a,b	12.0 ± 7.0 (23)^a	22.0 ± 45.8 (13)^b
LDH (U/L)^§	193.0 ± 39.0 (27)^a,b	236.0 ± 49.0 (23)^a,c	292.0 ± 274.0 (13)^b,c
HSA (g/dL)^§	3.5 ± 0.4 (25)^a	3.3 ± 0.6 (15)^b	3.0 ± 0.6 (11)^a,b
Urea (mg/dL)^†	14.6 ± 3.6 (29)^a,b	21.0 ± 10.9 (23)^a,c	35.0 ± 19.0 (13)^b,c
Cn (mg/dL)^§	0.58 ± 0.21 (29)^a	0.70 ± 0.2 (23)	0.78 ± 0.29 (12)^a
Uric acid (mg/dL)^§	4.3 ± 1.0 (29)^a,b	5.4 ± 1.4 (23)^a,c	7.6 ± 1.4 (13)^b,c
i-B (mg/dL)^§	0.205 ± 0.13 (26)	0.17 ± 0.23 (16)	0.220 ± 0.480 (11)
t-B (mg/dL)^§	0.425 ± 0.19 (26)	0.28 ± 0.17 (20)	0.340 ± 0.490 (13)
Na (mEq/L)^§	138.0 ± 2.5 (24)^a	140.0 ± 4.0 (17)^c	136.0 ± 5.0 (13)^a,c
K (mEq/L)^§	4.05 ± 0.42 (25)^a	4.0 ± 0.5 (17)	4.56 ± 0.47 (13)^a
Fe (mg/dL)^†	78.0 ± 46.0 (27)^a	84.9 ± 46.1 (20)^b	106.5 ± 89.3 (12)^a,b
Ferritin (ng/mL)^§	26.5 ± 14.64 (25)^a	31.5 ± 32.5 (17)^b	156.2 ± 244.7 (12)^a,b
RI^§	0.78 ± 0.04 (26)^a,b	0.73 ± 0.09 (17)^a	0.63 ± 0.08 (10)^b
PI^§	1.96 ± 0.44 (26)^a,b	1.62 ± 0.46 (17)^a	1.14 ± 0.87 (10)^b
PSV (cm/seg)^§	31.4 ± 7.4 (27)	30.6 ± 9.8 (17)	30.0 ± 15.0 (10)
P2 (cm/seg)^§	17.9 ± 10.7 (27)^a	22.3 ± 4.1 (17)	25.3 ± 14.2 (10)^a
PR^§	0.58 ± 0.13 (27)^a,b	0.71 ± 0.27 (17)^a	0.85 ± 0.19 (10)^b
Vmean (cm/seg)^†	12.5 ± 4.9 (26)	13.3 ± 4.8 (15)	16.2 ± 7.1 (7)
EDV (cm/seg)^§	7.1 ± 3.7 (27)	8.2 ± 3.2 (17)	10.8 ± 5.4 (9)
Amin (∆OD)^§	1.060 ± 0.148 (26)	1.032 ± 0.237 (22)	0.099 ± 0.074 (11)
Amax (∆OD)^§	0.019 ± 0.021 (26)	0.019 ± 0.032 (22)	0.009 ± 0.009 (11)
H0 (g/dL NaCl)^†	0.480 ± 0.031 (26)^d	0.472 ± 0.048 (22)	0.458 ± 0.028 (11)^d
H50 (g/dL NaCl)^§	0.447 ± 0.036 (26)^a	0.437 ± 0.037 (22)^d	0.417 ± 0.028 (11)^a,d
H100 (g/dL NaCl)^§	0.423 ± 0.030 (26)^a	0.402 ± 0.034 (22)^d	0.388 ± 0.013 (11)^a,d
1/H50 (g/dL NaCl)^−1§	2.236 ± 0.177 (26)^a	2.283 ± 0.201 (22)^d	2.400 ± 0.161 (11)^a,d
H50 (g/dL NaCl)^§	0.447 ± 0.036 (26)^a	0.437 ± 0.037 (22)^d	0.417 ± 0.028 (11)^a,d
dX (g/dL NaCl)^§	0.017 ± 0.027 (26)	0.015 ± 0.007 (22)	0.016 ± 0.010 (11)
dX/H50^§	0.038 ± 0.208 (26)	0.035 ± 0.018 (22)	0.038 ± 0.022 (11)
dX/Amin^§	0.016 ± 0.007 (26)	0.014 ± 0.011 (22)	0.018 ± 0.011 (11)

The values are presented as frequency, ^§median ± IQR (N), or †mean ± SD (N). ^a,b,c,dStatistically significant and borderline differences , respectively, when present as pairs of common letters. Comparisons were done by chi-square test for categorical data, Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn–Bonferroni post hoc test for ^§nonnormally distributed data, or ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test for †normally distributed data. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; Ht, hematocrit; Hb, hemoglobin; RBC, erythrocytes; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; MCH, mean corpuscular hemoglobin; MCHC, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration; RDW, red-cell distribution width; Rtc index, reticulocyte index; Plt, platelets; MPV, mean platelet volume; t-C, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; VLDL-C, very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TGC, triglycerides; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; HSA, human serum albumin; Cn, creatinine; i-B, indirect bilirubin; t-B, total bilirubin; Na⁺, sodium; K⁺, potassium; Fe, serum iron; RI, resistance index; PI, pulsatility index; PSV, peak systolic velocity; P2, second peak of systolic velocity; PR, peak ratio; V_mean, mean velocity; EDV, end-diastolic velocity; A_min, absorbance at 540 nm associated with residual lysis of the erythrocytes population; A_max, absorbance at 540 nm associated with lysis of the whole population of erythrocytes; H₀, saline concentration where in vitro hemolysis begins; H₅₀, saline concentration capable of promoting 50% hemolysis, H₁₀₀, saline concentration where in vitro lysis ends; 1/H₅₀, inverse NaCl concentration capable of promoting 50% hemolysis; dX, variation in the concentration of NaCl responsible for total hemolysis.