Evaluation of Chromosomal Instability in Diabetic Rats Treated with Naringin

Table 4

Frequencies of sperm count, abnormalities, ROS, GSSG, GSH, GSSG/GSH ratio, and MDA of nondiabetic and diabetic rats 24 hours after the last treatment with the indicated doses of naringin (4 weeks exposures, spaced 24 hours apart) (mean ± SD).

Treatment groups (mg/kg)	Counts (×10^6/couda epididymis)	Abnormal sperm (%)	MDA (nmol/mg protein)	GSH (𝜇g/mg protein)	GSSG (𝜇g/mg protein)	GSH/GSSG ratio	ROS (% of control)
Nondiabetic control	46.8 ± 6.7	2.2 ± 0.8	12.6 ± 1.8	1.8 ± 0.4	0.26 ± 0.05	7.4 ± 2.5	100.0 ± 7.4
Nondiabetic + naringin (25)	49.0 ± 5.7	1.8 ± 0.8	11.4 ± 3.2	1.9 ± 0.4	0.24 ± 0.05	8.1 ± 2.0	95.4 ± 8.5
Nondiabetic + naringin (50)	51.0 ± 7.3	1.6 ± 0.54	10.4 ± 2.7	2.2 ± 0.5	0.25 ± 0.07	8.3 ± 2.8	93.2 ± 9.3
Diabetes	34.8 ± 3.3*	6.4 ± 1.3*	19.6 ± 3.7*	0.8 ± 0.2*	0.36 ± 0.04*	2.4 ± 0.8	160.8 ± 15.5*
Diabetes + naringin (25)	41.0±4.2^a	4.6±0.5^a	13.6±3.5^b	1.5±0.18^b	0.26±0.05^a	6.0±1.5^b	125.4±14.9^b
Diabetes + naringin (50)	46.0±3.6^b	2.2±0.8^b	10.8±2.6^b	1.8±0.15^b	0.22±0.05^b	8.5±2.1^b	106.4±8.7^b

* 𝑃<0.05 versus nondiabetic control (Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn’s multiple comparisons test), ^a𝑃<0.05, ^b𝑃<0.01 versus diabetes alone (Mann-Whitney U test). MDA: malondialdehyde; GSH: reduced glutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione; ROS: reactive oxygen species.