Insulin Resistance, Ceramide Accumulation, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Chronic Alcohol-Related Liver Disease

<table>Effects of chronic ALD on proceramide pathway activation in liver. Using a fluorogenic assay, (a) neutral, (b) acid, and (c) alkaline sphingomyelinase activities were measured in homogenates of liver from control or chronic ALD subjects. Hepatic ceramide profiles were measured in lipid extracts by LC/MS/MS. (d) CerC14:0, (e) CerC16:0, (f) CerC18:0, (g) CerC20:0, and (h) CerC24:0 levels are expressed as pg/mg protein. (i) Total ceramide immunoreactivity was measured by direct-binding ELISA. Intergroup comparisons were made using Student’s <svg height="10.3875" id="M43" style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 5.9250002 10.3875" width="5.9250002" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg>-tests and significant <svg height="11.175" id="M44" style="vertical-align:-0.0pt" version="1.1" viewbox="0 0 10.9375 11.175" width="10.9375" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">
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</svg> values are shown over the graphs.</table>

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

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Figure 3

Figure 3: Insulin Resistance, Ceramide Accumulation, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Human Chronic Alcohol-Related Liver Disease 