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| Compound | Type of study | Cell culture system or animal studies | Concentration used | Mechanisms of action |
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| Epigallocatechin-3-gallate | In vitro [7, 8, 10]; in vivo [9]; in humans [12, 13] | LNCaP and PC-3 [8]; athymic nude mice [9]; LNCaP and DU-145 [7] | In vitro: 10–40 micromol/L [8]; in vivo: EGCG (62%) [9]; in humans: 600 mg/d [12]; 5 cups/day [13] | Activation of caspase-6 and -9 [8]; reduction of expression of androgen receptor [9]; inhibition of (MMP-2 and -2) and VEGF [10] |
| Curcumin | In vitro [16, 19, 22–25]; in humans [28] | LNCaP [16, 20], DU145 and LNCaP [19]; LNCaP [20]; L1210 mouse leukemia cell line [22]; PC-3 and DU145 [23]; PC-3 [24]; DU-145 [25] | In vitro: 30 μmol/L [16]; 10 μM [20]; 1–100 μM [19]; 0–45 μM [22]; 1–10 μM [23]; 2–5 μM [24]; 10 mg/mL [25]; in humans: 0.4 to 3.6 g [28] | Reduction of MDM2 protein and induction of gene NKX3.1 [16]; induction of apoptosis and the activation of procaspase-3 and -8 [19] and caspase-9 and -3 [24]; reduction of MMP-2 and -9 [25]; decrease of PGE-2 [28] |
| Resveratrol | In vitro [29, 30] | LNCaP, DU-145, PC-3 [29]; LNCaP and DU-145 [30] | In vitro: 2–40 μM [29]; 1 μmol [30] | Inhibition of the formation of free radicals [29] and induction of apoptosis [30]. |
| Quercetin | In vitro [31–35] | PC-3 and LNCaP [31, 35]; LNCaP [32]; PC-3 [33, 34] | In vitro: 20–40 μM [31]; 100 microM [32–35]; in humans: 24 μg [36] | Activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3 [31]; induction of apoptosis [32, 33]; downregulation of the expression of MMP-2 and -9 [34]; suppression of androgen receptor [35] |
| Genistein | In vitro: [37–39]; in vivo: [40] | LNCaP and PC-3 [37]; LNCaP, DU-145 and PC-3 [38]; PC-3 [39]. | In vitro: 10–20 μM [37]; 20 μM [38]; 0–250 μM [39] in humans: 30 mg [41] | Inhibition of angiogenesis and downregulation of TGF-β and EGF [37, 42]; increase of the glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-1 [38]; decrease of metastases by 96% [39]; serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) decreased by 7.8% [41] |
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