Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity

Clinical Study

Characterization of Blood Oxidative Stress in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients: Increase in Lipid Peroxidation and SOD Activity

Table 2

Pharmaceuticals used by participants in the groups studied.


Pharmaceutical	Patients under medication use (%)
Pharmaceutical	DM2	Pre-DM	Control

Diuretic (thiazide/potassium sparing)	16/55 (29.1%)	2/9 (22.2%)	3/29 (10.3%)
Adrenergic antagonist (beta blockers and centrally acting)	5/55 (9.1%)	2/9 (22.2%)	2/29 (6.9%)
ACEI (captopril/enalapril)	27/55 (49.1%)	4/9 (44.4%)	8/29 (27.6%)
ARB AT1 (Losartan)	10/55 (18.2%)	—	—
Calcium channel blockers (nifedipine/amlodipine)	9/55 (16.4%)	1/9 (1.1%)	—
OAD—sulphonylurea (glibenclamide/gliclazide)	40/55 (72.7%)	—	—
OAD—biguanide (metformin)	42/55 (76.4%)	—	—
Statins	6/55 (10.9%)	—	2/29 (6.9%)
Insulin	15/55 (27.3%)	—	—
ASA	18/55 (32.7%)	—	3/29 (10.3%)

Values are expressed in absolute numbers and percentages. The relative values do not total 100% because there are patients who underwent combined therapies. ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB AT₁: AT₁ angiotensin receptor antagonist; OAD: oral antidiabetic; ASA: acetylsalicylic acid.