Review Article

Targeting Microglial KATP Channels to Treat Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Mitochondrial Issue

Figure 1

Effect of diazoxide treatment on the NMDA-induced hippocampal lesion. Microphotographs of Nissl-stained sections of a rat hippocampus 15 days after the injection of 0.5 μL of (a) vehicle, (b) 40 mM NMDA, and (c) 40 mM NMDA and treated with 1 mg/kg/day diazoxide p.o. Note that treatment with diazoxide decreased NMDA induced hippocampal lesion. (d) Isolectin B4 histochemistry (IB4) staining of microglia in the hippocampus of sham rats, (e) NMDA-lesioned rats, and (f) NMDA rats treated with diazoxide. Note that treatment with diazoxide decreased the area of enhanced IB4 staining. GFAP immunostaining of the astrocytes in the hippocampus of (g) sham rats, NMDA-lesioned rats (h), and NMDA rats treated with diazoxide (i). Histograms show the quantification of the diazoxide effects in the area of lesion (j), area of microgliosis (k), and area of astrogliosis (l) in the hippocampus of NMDA-lesioned rats. Sham refers to rats injected with vehicle (50 mM PBS, pH 7.4), NMDA refers to rats injected with 0.5 μL of 40 mM NMDA in the hippocampus, and NMDA + D refers to NMDA-injected rats treated with 1 mg/kg/day diazoxide p.o. from postlesion day 5 to 15. Stereotaxic coordinates were −3.3 mm and 2.2 mm from bregma and −2.9 mm from dura [25]. All animals were manipulated in accordance with the European legislation (86/609/EEC), rats/group. Scale bar 1 mm. * compared to sham, # compared to NMDA, LSD (posthoc test).
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