|
| Study | Intervention | Subjects | Effect |
|
| Vitamin E | | | |
Boaz et al. (2000) [45]
SPACE study | High-dose alpha-tocopherol (800 IU once daily) or placebo | 196 HD patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease followed for a median of 519 days | (1) Significant reduction in myocardial infarctions and other cardiovascular events
(2) No significant difference in overall survival |
Mann et al. (2004) [46]
HOPE study | Vitamin E, 400 IU once daily | 993 patients with mild-to-moderate renal insufficiency at high risk for cardiovascular events | No apparent effect on cardiovascular outcomes |
|
| Acetylcysteine | | | |
| Tepel et al. (2003) [47] | Acetylcysteine, 600 mg twice daily | 134 HD patients followed for 2 years | (1) Cardiac events reduced by 30% (2) Ischemic stroke reduced by 36% |
|
| Vitamin C | | | |
| Tarng et al. (2004) [48] | Vitamin C, 300 mg three times weekly for 8 weeks | 60 HD patients | Mean 8-OH-dG levels decreased significantly in all subjects |
|
| Losartan | | | |
| Kayabasi et al. (2013) [49] | Losartan 50–100 mg once daily | 52 HD patients followed for 3 months | Decreasing oxidative stress index and increasing plasma thiol groups |
|
| Folic acid | | | |
|
Delfino et al. (2007) [50] | Folic acid, 10 mg three times weekly for 6 months | 46 HD patients | Effectively lowered plasma Hcy levels |
|
| Bardoxolone methyl | | | |
Pergola et al. (2011) [51]
BEAM study | Bardoxolone methyl at a target dose of 25, 75, or 150 mg once daily | Adults with CKD | Improved estimated glomerular filtration rate at 24 weeks |
|
