Protective and Antioxidant Effects of a Chalconoid from Pulicaria incisa on Brain Astrocytes

Figure 5

Pulichalconoid B is similarly effective in attenuating ROS production when applied before or after H₂O₂. Astrocytes were preloaded with DCF-DA for 30 min and washed. Pulichalconoid B (19 μM) was added to astrocytes before (−2 h, −1 h) concomitant (0) or after (1 h, 2 h) the addition of H₂O₂ (175 μM). ROS levels were measured 4 h after the application of H₂O₂. “W/o” means without. The results represent the means ± SEM of two experiments (𝑛=7). **𝑃<0.01, ***𝑃<0.001. Statistical analyses were performed with one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests.