Vernonia condensata Baker (Asteraceae): A Promising Source of Antioxidants

Table 3

Concentration of MDA in mmol/L in the TBA test with ethanol extract and fractions from Vernonia  condensata leaves.

Plant extract/chemical	Concentration (mg/mL)	MDA concentration (mmol/L)
		Day 0	Day 1	Day 2	Day 3	Day 4
Control	—	0.29 ± 0.01^A	0.39 ± 0.05^A	0.46 ± 0.02^A	0.95 ± 0.01	1.33 ± 0.01
BHT	7.5	0.43 ± 0.01	0.68 ± 0.03	0.60 ± 0.06	0.18 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.01
	15	0.17 ± 0.02	0.43 ± 0.02^A	0.36 ± 0.01^A	0.17 ± 0.01	0.17 ± 0.01
	30	0.18 ± 0.01^A	0.18 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.01	0.15 ± 0.01	0.14 ± 0.01
Ethanol extract (EE)	7.5	0.61 ± 0.01	0.32 ± 0.01^A	0.67 ± 0.01	0.49 ± 0.01	0.45 ± 0.01
	15	1.04 ± 0.01	0.56 ± 0.03	0.40 ± 0.01^A	0.48 ± 0.02	0.46 ± 0.01
	30	0.57 ± 0.07	0.68 ± 0.01	0.25 ± 0.01	0.42 ± 0.04	0.43 ± 0.03
Hexane fraction (HF)	7.5	0.17 ± 0.01	0.42 ± 0.01^A	0.48 ± 0.01^A	0.68 ± 0.03	0.71 ± 0.04
	15	0.38 ± 0.01^A	0.43 ± 0.03^A	0.47 ± 0.01^A	0.55 ± 0.01	0.65 ± 0.01
	30	0.32 ± 0.04^A	0.56 ± 0.01	0.46 ± 0.01^A	0.61 ± 0.01	0.73 ± 0.01
Dichloromethane fraction (DF)	7.5	0.18 ± 0.01	0.21 ± 0.01	0.37 ± 0.01	0.39 ± 0.01	0.35 ± 0.01
	15	0.21 ± 0.01^A	0.20 ± 0.01	0.44 ± 0.01^A	0.42 ± 0.01	0.27 ± 0.01
	30	0.28 ± 0.01^A	0.20 ± 0.07	0.38 ± 0.01^A	0.36 ± 0.00	0.38 ± 0.01
Ethyl acetate fraction (EF)	7.5	0.26 ± 0.01^A	0.39 ± 0.01^A	0.59 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.01	0.54 ± 0.01
	15	0.26 ± 0.01	0.25 ± 0.01^A	0.37 ± 0.01^A	0.35 ± 0.01	0.34 ± 0.01
	30	0.28 ± 0.01^A	0.28 ± 0.01	0.20 ± 0.01	0.19 ± 0.01	0.18 ± 0.01
Butanol fraction (BF)	7.5	0.33 ± 0.01	0.75 ± 0.01^A	0.46 ± 0.02^A	0.57 ± 0.01	0.38 ± 0.01
	15	0.34 ± 0.01^A	1.21 ± 0.01	0.57 ± 0.01	0.69 ± 0.01	0.36 ± 0.03
	30	0.17 ± 0.01	0.64 ± 0.01	0.52 ± 0.01^A	0.64 ± 0.01	0.42 ± 0.01

Each value in the table is represented as mean ± S.E.M. (𝑛=3). Capital letter (A) in the same column, means do not differ (P < 0.05) when compared to the control group.