Nutrition and Healthy Ageing: Calorie Restriction or Polyphenol-Rich “MediterrAsian” Diet?

Table 4

Dietary restriction mimetics: mechanisms and side effects.

Name of compound	Structure of compound	Mechanism of action	Side effects	References
Rapamycin/sirolimus		Inhibition of mTor, induction of autophagy	Immunosuppression	[93]
2-Deoxy-D-glucose		Inhibition of glucose metabolism	Cardiotoxicity	[94]
Metformin		Inhibition of gluconeogenesis, stimulation of glucose uptake, inhibition of AMPK, and improvement of insulin sensitivity	Gastrointestinal complaints	[95–97]